Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms

T

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T-2 Toxin

MS = A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.

UI = D013605

 

T-Box Domain Proteins

MS = Proteins containing a region of conserved sequence, about 200 amino acids long, which encodes a particular sequence specific DNA binding domain (the T-box domain). These proteins are transcription factors that control developmental pathways. The prototype of this family is the mouse Brachyury (or T) gene product.

UI = D020825

 

T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity

MS = The property of the T-CELL RECEPTOR which enables it to react with some antigens and not others. The specificity is derived from the structure of the receptor's variable region which has the ability to recognize certain antigens in conjunction with the MHC (MAJOR HISTOCOMPATABILITY COMPLEX) molecule.

AN = T-cell cross-reactivity goes here

UI = D037182

 

T-Lymphocyte Subsets

MS = A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

AN = A 11 qualif; coord IM with specific T-lymphocyte (IM)

UI = D016176

 

T-Lymphocytes

MS = Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the thymus gland and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; subpopulations = T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS but see note there

UI = D013601

 

T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

MS = Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from natural killer cells (KILLER CELLS, NATURAL) and from KILLER CELLS mediating antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

AN = subpopulations: coord IM with T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM)

UI = D013602

 

T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

MS = Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes that cooperate with other lymphocytes (either T or B) to initiate a variety of immune functions. For example, helper-inducer T-cells cooperate with B-cells to produce antibodies to thymus-dependent antigens and with other subpopulations of T-cells to initiate a variety of cell-mediated immune functions.

AN = a type of regulatory T-lymphocyte: do not confuse with T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-INDUCER; A 11 qualif; subpopulations: coord IM with T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM); DF: note short X refs

UI = D006377

 

T-Lymphocytes, Suppressor-Effector

MS = Subpopulation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes which suppress antibody production or inhibit cellular immune responses. Suppressor-effector cells execute the message received from suppressor-inducer cells (T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-INDUCER).

AN = a type of regulatory T-lymphocyte; A 11 qualif; do not confuse with T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-INDUCER; subpopulations: coord IM with T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; DF: note short X ref

UI = D013490

 

T-Lymphocytes, Suppressor-Inducer

MS = Subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes which induce CD8+ suppressor T-cells (T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-EFFECTOR) to suppress antibody production by B-cells. They also stimulate other cellular immune responses.

AN = A 11 qualif; a type of regulatory T-lymphocyte; do not confuse with SUPPRESSOR CELLS see T-LYMPHOCYTES, SUPPRESSOR-EFFECTOR

UI = D017112

 

T-Lymphocytopenia, Idiopathic CD4-Positive

MS = Reproducible depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes below 300 per cubic millimeter in the absence of HIV infection or other known causes of immunodeficiency. This is a rare, heterogeneous syndrome and does not appear to be caused by a transmissible agent.

AN = DF: CD4 LYMPHOCYTOPENIA

UI = D018344

 

T-Phages

MS = A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4; (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3; (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7; (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.

AN = coliphages; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not confuse with T VIRUS see RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS

UI = D013604

 

Tabebuia

MS = A plant genus of the family BIGNONIACEAE that is a source of lapachol.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029663

 

Tabernaemontana

MS = A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE that contains bisindole alkaloids and IBOGAINE.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D030014

 

Tabes Dorsalis

MS = Parenchymatous NEUROSYPHILIS marked by slowly progressive degeneration of the posterior columns, posterior roots, and ganglia of the spinal cord. The condition tends to present 15 to 20 years after the initial infection and is characterized by lightening-like pains in the lower extremities, URINARY INCONTINENCE, ATAXIA, severely impaired position and vibratory sense, abnormal gait (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), OPTIC ATROPHY, Argyll-Robertson pupils, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, and trophic joint degeneration (Charcot's Joint; see ARTHROPATHY, NEUROGENIC). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p726)

UI = D013606

 

Tables [Publication Type]

MS = Works consisting of the presentation of data in a tabular form.

UI = D020501

 

Tablets

MS = Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = IM for general only, qualif permitted; NIM (no qualif) when drug in tablet form is IM (with qualif); /adv eff permitted but be careful: it may be the adv eff of the drug in the tablet, not the "tablet"

UI = D013607

 

Tablets, Enteric-Coated

MS = Tablets coated with material that delays release of the medication until after they leave the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = IM for general only, qualif permitted; NIM (no qualif) when drug in tablet form is IM (with qualif); /adv eff permitted but be careful: it may be the adv eff of the drug in the tablet, not the "tablet"

UI = D013608

 

Taboo

MS = Any negative tradition or behavior that is generally regarded as harmful to social welfare and forbidden within a cultural or social group.

UI = D013609

 

Tachycardia

MS = Excessive rapidity in the action of the heart, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute.

AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specific types; exercise tachycardia = HEART RATE (IM) + EXERTION (NIM)

UI = D013610

 

Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry

MS = A tachycardia characterized by rates between 150 and 250 beats per minute and a QRS complex of supraventricular origin.

AN = a supraventric tachycardia; DF: AVNRT

UI = D013611

 

Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial

MS = A tachycardia originating in the atrial myocardium and characterized by rates between 135 and 175 beats per minute.

AN = a supraventric tachycardia

UI = D013612

 

Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional

MS = A tachycardia arising in the conduction tissues surrounding the atrioventricular node. It usually occurs during myocardial infarction, after heart surgery, or in digitalis intoxication. The rate may range from 140 to 250 beats per minute.

AN = a supraventric tachycardia

UI = D013613

 

Tachycardia, Paroxysmal

MS = Condition marked by attacks of rapid action of the heart having sudden onset and cessation.

AN = tachycardia of sudden onset & cessation

UI = D013614

 

Tachycardia, Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry

MS = A tachycardia arising from the sinus node region and characterized by rates between 115 and 140 beats per minute. It is paroxysmal rather than constant.

AN = a supraventric tachycardia

UI = D013615

 

Tachycardia, Sinus

MS = A simple tachycardia with origin in the sinus node with gradual onset and termination.

AN = sinus refers to sinus node; a supraventric tachycardia

UI = D013616

 

Tachycardia, Supraventricular

MS = A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.

AN = GEN: prefer specific types of supraventric tachycardia; originates above the bundle of His: do not confuse with TACHYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR which originates below the bundle of His

UI = D013617

 

Tachycardia, Ventricular

MS = An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm with wide QRS complexes, usually in excess of 150 per minute. It is generated within the ventricle, below the BUNDLE OF HIS, and is most commonly associated with atrioventricular dissociation.

AN = originates below the bundle of His: do not confuse with TACHYCARDIA, SUPRAVENTRICULAR which originates above the bundle of His

UI = D017180

 

Tachykinins

MS = A family of biologically active peptides sharing a common conserved C-terminal sequence, -Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is either an aromatic or a branched aliphatic amino acid. Members of this family have been found in mammals, amphibians, and mollusks. Tachykinins have diverse pharmacological actions in the central nervous system and the cardiovascular, genitourinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, as well as in glandular tissues. This diversity of activity is due to the existence of three or more subtypes of tachykinin receptors.

AN = neurotransmitters; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D015320

 

Tachyphylaxis

MS = Rapidly decreasing response to a drug or physiologically active agent after administration of a few doses. In immunology, it is the rapid immunization against the effect of toxic doses of an extract or serum by previous injection of small doses. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = "rapidly decreasing response to a drug or physiol active agent after admin of a few doses"

UI = D013618

 

Tacrine

MS = A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.

UI = D013619

 

Tacrolimus

MS = A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.

UI = D016559

 

Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A

MS = A 12 KD tacrolimus binding protein that is found associated with and may modulate the function of calcium release channels. It is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase which is inhibtied by both tacrolimus (commonly called FK506) and SIROLIMUS. EC 5.2.1.-

UI = D022061

 

Tacrolimus Binding Proteins

MS = A family of immunophilin proteins that bind to the immunosuppressive drugs TACROLIMUS (also known as FK506) and SIROLIMUS. EC 5.2.1.-

UI = D022021

 

Taenia

MS = A genus of large tapeworms.

AN = a tapeworm: do not confuse with TINEA (ringworm, a disease); do not confuse with TAENIA COLI see COLON; do not confuse X ref TAENIARHYNCHUS with Taeniorhyncus, a mosquito; infection = TAENIASIS; Taenia echinococcus = Echinococcus granulosus, its infection = ECHINOCOCCOSIS; larval form of TAENIA SAGINATA = Cysticercus bovis, its infection = CYSTICERCOSIS; larval form of TAENIA SOLIUM = CYSTICERCUS; its infection = CYSTICERCOSIS or NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; coord with specific precoord helminth term (ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, etc) if pertinent

UI = D013621

 

Taenia saginata

MS = Species of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects cattle. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked beef.

AN = infection = TAENIASIS; larval form = CYSTICERCUS bovis, its infection = CYSTICERCOSIS

UI = D041202

 

Taenia solium

MS = Species of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects swine. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of cured or undercooked pork.

AN = infection = TAENIASIS; larval form = CYSTICERCUS, its infection = CYSTICERCOSIS

UI = D041201

 

Taeniasis

MS = Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.

AN = tapeworm infect by Taenia but infect by Taenia larva (cysticerci) = CYSTICERCOSIS or NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS & by Taenia echinococcus or T. granulosus = ECHINOCOCCOSIS

UI = D013622

 

Tagetes

MS = A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of marigold is also used for CALENDULA.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031686

 

Tai Ji

MS = One of the MARTIAL ARTS and also a form of meditative exercise using methodically slow circular stretching movements and positions of body balance.

AN = do not confuse with 'Taiji study' carried out in that region of Japan; do not confuse with Japanese interpretation of "Taiji" which means 'embryo' or 'fetus'

UI = D026302

 

Tail

AN = avoid such combinations as TAIL /metab or TAIL /chem, etc. where tail is merely test tissue

UI = D013623

 

Taiwan

UI = D013624

 

Tajikistan

AN = use this spelling in translations

UI = D013620

 

Takayasu's Arteritis

MS = A thrombo-obliterative process of the great vessels stemming from the aortic arch, occurring generally in young women. Radial and carotid pulses are typically obliterated. Skin changes are due to the disturbed circulation. There may be loss of hair and atrophy of the skin and its appendages with underlying muscle atrophy. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed)

AN = an aortic arch syndrome

UI = D013625

 

Takifugu

MS = A genus of pufferfish commonly used for research.

UI = D023741

 

Talampicillin

MS = An ester of ampicillin which is readily hydrolysed on absorption to release ampicillin. It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract resulting in a greater bioavailability of ampicillin than can be achieved with equivalent doses of ampicillin.

UI = D013626

 

Talaromyces

MS = A fungal genus in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES, characterized by loose hyphal fruiting bodies containing spherical asci. Anamorphs include PENICILLIUM and PAECILOMYCES.

UI = D032901

 

Talc

MS = Finely powdered native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is used as a dusting powder, either alone or with starch or boric acid, for medicinal and toilet preparations. It is also an excipient and filler for pills, tablets, and for dusting tablet molds. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

AN = a magnesium silicate; talc granuloma = TALC /adv eff + GRANULOMA, FOREIGN-BODY /etiol (not /chem ind)

UI = D013627

 

Talin

MS = A 235-kDa cytoplasmic protein that is also found in platelets. It has been localized to regions of cell-substrate adhesion. It binds to INTEGRINS; VINCULIN; and ACTINS and appears to participate in generating a transmembrane connection between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.

AN = a cytoplasmic protein; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D016608

 

Talus

MS = The second largest of the TARSAL BONES. It articulates with the TIBIA and FIBULA to form the ANKLE JOINT.

UI = D013628

 

Tamaricaceae

MS = A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032363

 

Tamarindus

MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE known for its sour fruit.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029861

 

Tamoxifen

MS = One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS, it is agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but antagonist in mammary and uterine tissues.

UI = D013629

 

Tampons

MS = Pads or plugs made of cotton, sponge, or other material. They are variously used in surgery to plug the nose, vagina, etc., for the control of hemorrhage or the absorption of secretions. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013630

 

Tamus

MS = A plant genus of the DIOSCOREACEAE plant family.

AN = do not confuse with bryony = BRYONIA; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D027744

 

Tanacetum

MS = A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Some species of the CHRYSANTHEMUM and the old Pyrethrum genera have been reclassified to this genus. The common name of tansy usually refers to this but also forms part of the common name of other plants such as Tansy Ragwort (SENECIO) and Tansyaster (HAPLOPAPPUS).

AN = TANACETUM CINERARIIFOLIUM and TANACETUM COCCINEUM see CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM are also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031203

 

Tanacetum parthenium

MS = An aromatic perennial plant species that has been used to treat migraines, arthritis, and as a febrifuge. It contains TANNINS, volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), and sesquiterpene lactones, especially parthenolide.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D020903

 

Tandem Repeat Sequences

MS = Copies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or in the opposite direction to each other (inverted tandem repeats).

UI = D020080

 

Tangier Disease

MS = A rare autosomal recessive familial disorder of cholesterol metabolism, characterized by extremely low HDL-cholesterol, reduced total cholesterol, and increased triglyceride levels in serum. Clinical features include the onset before age 20 years of HEPATOMEGALY; SPLENOMEGALY; the deposition of cholesterol in each TONSIL (creating a yellow-orange appearance); and RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. A sensorimotor or distal sensory POLYNEUROPATHY occurs in approximately 50% of affected individuals. The condition is associated with decreased synthesis and increased catabolism of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II, and a defect in cellular signaling and mobilization of lipids. (From Nat Genet 1998 Sep;20(1):96-8; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1347-8; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p118)

UI = D013631

 

Tankyrases

MS = A group of telomere associated proteins that interact with TRF1 PROTEIN, contain ANKYRIN REPEATS and have poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.

UI = D038501

 

Tannic Acid

MS = A lustrous powder, yellow to light-brown in color, that is found in tree bark (particularly oak), fruits, leaves, and tea. It is used medicinally as an astringent, commercially in tanning hides, and as a dye mordant. (Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984). It is also used as a histological fixative and stain.

UI = D013632

 

Tanning

MS = A process of preserving animal hides by chemical treatment (using vegetable tannins, metallic sulfates, and sulfurized phenol compounds, or syntans) to make them immune to bacterial attack, and subsequent treatments with fats and greases to make them pliable. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

AN = the leather industry, not suntanning; SPEC: SPEC qualif

UI = D013633

 

Tannins

MS = Any of a broad group of plant-derived phenolic compounds characterized by their ability to precipitate proteins. Some are more toxic than others, depending on their source. Those derived from nutgalls are believed to be carcinogens, while those found in tea and coffee may be virtually nontoxic. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

AN = glycosides

UI = D013634

 

Tantalum

MS = Tantalum. A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = Ta-181; Ta-180 = TANTALUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Ta-172-179, 182-186 = TANTALUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D013635

 

Tanzania

MS = A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam (House of Peace). It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The country has been dominated successively by Arabs, Portugal, Oman, Zanzibar, Germany, and Britain. It became a British mandate in 1920 as Tanganyika and became independent in 1961. It united with Zanzibar in 1964 as Tanzania. Tanganyika was named for the lake of that name, kou tanganyika meaning to join, i.e., the place where waters met and Zanzibar, from Zeni or Zengj, the name of a local people, meaning black + the Arabic barr, coast or shore. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1186 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p533, 609)

AN = a republic in eastern Africa, from TANganyika + ZANzibar

UI = D013636

 

Tape Recording

MS = Recording of information on magnetic or punched paper tape.

AN = IM

UI = D013637

 

Taq Polymerase

MS = A heat stable DNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE from the bacteria Thermus aquaticus. It is widely used for the amplification of genes through the process of POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. EC 2.7.7.-.

UI = D019914

 

Tar-Water

MS = A cold infusion of tar in water, formerly regarded as a cure-all. (Webster, 3d ed)

AN = infusion of tar in water; in hist articles

UI = D018725

 

Taraxacum

MS = A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain chicoric and chlorogenic acids and germacrane- and eudesmane-type SESQUITERPENES.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031205

 

Tars

MS = Viscous materials composed of complex, high-molecular-weight compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013638

 

Tarsal Bones

MS = The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid, navicular, and the internal, middle, and external cuneiforms.

AN = TALUS & CALCANEUS are available; note X refs, the remaining bones; do not confuse with TARSUS see ANKLE (the area) or TARSAL JOINTS

UI = D013639

 

Tarsal Joints

MS = The articulations between the various TARSAL BONES. This does not include the ANKLE JOINT which consists of the articulations between the TIBIA, FIBULA, and TALUS.

AN = do not confuse with TARSUS see ANKLE; tarsal joints of animals goes here not under TARSUS, ANIMAL

UI = D013640

 

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

MS = Entrapment of the distal branches of the posterior TIBIAL NERVE (which divides into the medial plantar, lateral plantar, and calcanial nerves) in the tarsal tunnel, which lies posterior to the internal malleolus and beneath the retinaculum of the flexor muscles of the foot. Symptoms include ankle pain radiating into the foot which tends to be aggravated by walking. Examination may reveal Tinel's sign (radiating pain following nerve percussion) over the tibial nerve at the ankle, weakness and atrophy of the small foot muscles, or loss of sensation in the foot. (From Foot Ankle 1990;11(1):47-52)

UI = D013641

 

Tarsiidae

MS = A family of the HAPLORHINI suborder of PRIMATES, consisting of one genus, Tarsius, that inhabits southern Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippines.

AN = an anthropoid family of a single genus (Tarsius); IM; qualif permitted; disease: coord IM with specific dis /vet (IM)

UI = D016699

 

Tarsus, Animal

MS = The region in the hindlimb of a quadruped, corresponding to the human ANKLE.

AN = use for ankle of non-primate vertebrates; tarsal joints of animals does not go here: use TARSAL JOINTS

UI = D013643

 

Tartrates

UI = D013644

 

Tartrazine

MS = An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013645

 

Tartronates

UI = D013646

 

Task Performance and Analysis

MS = The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work.

AN = do not use for anal of performance on individual tasks in learning exper; no qualif; DF: TASK PERFORMANCE

UI = D013647

 

Tasmania

MS = An island south of Australia and the smallest state of the Commonwealth. Its capital is Hobart. It was discovered and named Van Diemen's Island in 1642 by Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator, in honor of the Dutch governor-general of the Dutch East Indian colonies. It was renamed for the discoverer in 1853. In 1803 it was taken over by Great Britain and was used as a penal colony. It was granted government in 1856 and federated as a state in 1901. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1190 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, p535)

AN = an island state of Australia

UI = D013648

 

Taste

MS = The sensation or perception of certain qualities of substances put in the mouth, primarily sweet, sour, salt and bitter.

UI = D013649

 

Taste Buds

MS = Small sensory organs which contain gustatory receptor cells, basal cells, and supporting cells. Taste buds in humans are found in the epithelia of the tongue, palate, and pharynx. They are innervated by the CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE (a branch of the facial nerve) and the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE.

AN = chemoreceptors on the tongue, palate & pharynx

UI = D013650

 

Taste Disorders

MS = Conditions characterized by an alteration in gustatory function or perception. Taste disorders are frequently associated with OLFACTION DISORDERS. Additional potential etiologies include METABOLIC DISEASES; DRUG TOXICITY; and taste pathway disorders (e.g., TASTE BUD diseases; FACIAL NERVE DISEASES; GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE DISEASES; and BRAIN STEM diseases).

UI = D013651

 

Taste Threshold

MS = The minimum concentration at which taste sensitivity to a particular substance or food can be perceived.

UI = D013652

 

TATA Box

MS = A conserved A-T rich sequence which is contained in promoters for RNA polymerase II. The segment is seven base pairs long and the nucleotides most commonly found are TATAAAA.

UI = D016385

 

TATA Box Binding Protein-Like Proteins

MS = A class of proteins related in structure and function to TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN that can take the place of TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN in the transcription initiation complex. They are found in most multicellular organisms and may be involved in tissue-specific promoter regulation. They bind to DNA and interact with TATA-BINDING PROTEIN ASSOCIATED FACTORS, however they may lack specificity for the TATA-BOX.

AN = X ref TBP-RELATED FACTOR: see SCR for organism-specific TBP-related factors

UI = D035182

 

TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors

MS = Factors that associate with TATA-BOX BINDING FACTOR. Many of them are components of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIID

UI = D035381

 

TATA-Box Binding Protein

MS = A general transcription factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA POLYMERASES. It binds specifically to the TATA BOX promoter element, which lies close to the position of transcription initiation in RNA transcribed by RNA POLYMERASE II. Although considered a principal component of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIID it also takes part in general transcription factor complexes involved in RNA POLYMERASE I and RNA POLYMERASE III transcription.

UI = D035181

 

Tattooing

MS = The insertion of permanent colors in the skin by introducing them through punctures. Tattooing of the cornea is the permanent coloring of the cornea chiefly to conceal leukomatous spots. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

AN = do not restrict to Cat E2 concept: may apply to tattooing as body decoration among various cultures & as an aid in endoscopic procedures

UI = D013653

 

tau Proteins

MS = Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).

UI = D016875

 

tau-Crystallins

MS = A type of crystallin that has been found in the lens (LENS,CRYSTALLIN) of certain species of VERTEBRATES. They are inactivated form of PHOSPHOPYRUVATE HYDRATASE.

UI = D038225

 

Tauopathies

MS = Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE, DEMENTIA, PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS, progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), and corticobasal degeneration.

UI = D024801

 

Taurine

MS = A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013654

 

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid

MS = A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013655

 

Taurocholic Acid

MS = The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013656

 

Taurodeoxycholic Acid

MS = A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.

AN = a bile acid; /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013657

 

Taurolithocholic Acid

MS = A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013658

 

Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act

MS = PL97-248. Title II of the Act specifies "provisions relating to savings in health and income security programs." This includes changes in payment for services, benefits and premiums of Medicare as well as changes in provisions under Medicaid and other specific programs covered by Social Security. Title II includes various revenue measures.

AN = specify state if given CATALOG: use NAF entry

UI = D013659

 

Tax Exemption

MS = Status not subject to taxation; as the income of a philanthropic organization. Tax-exempt organizations may also qualify to receive tax-deductible donations if they are considered to be nonprofit corporations under Section 501(c)3 of the United States Internal Revenue Code.

AN = coord IM with subject of tax (IM); specify geog

UI = D019464

 

Taxaceae

MS = A plant family of the order Taxales, class Pinopsida, division CONIFEROPHYTA.

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032490

 

Taxes

MS = Governmental levies on property, inheritance, gifts, etc.

AN = coord IM with subject of tax (IM); specify geog; INCOME TAX is also available

UI = D013660

 

Taxodiaceae

MS = The redwood plant family of the order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division CONIFEROPHYTA (Conifers).

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032484

 

Taxodium

MS = A plant genus of the family TAXODIACEAE. Members contain taxodione and taxodone, which are diterpenoid quinone methide tumor inhibitors.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032489

 

Taxus

MS = Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).

UI = D020946

 

Tay-Sachs Disease

MS = An autosomal recessive inherited gangliosidosis characterized by the onset in the first 6 months of life of an exaggerated startle response, delay in psychomotor development, hypotonia (followed by spasticity), visual loss, and a macular cherry red spot. Hexosaminidase A (see BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE) is deficient, leading to the accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons of the central nervous system and retina. This condition is strongly associated with Askenazic Jewish ancestory. (Menkes, Textbook of Pediatric Neurology, 5th ed pp89-96)

UI = D013661

 

Taylorella equigenitalis

MS = A species of bacteria which is comprised of gram-negative rods which often approach a spherical shape. They are nonmotile and microaerophilic. They are considered parasites of horses and are pathogenic for mares. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

AN = infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D020625

 

Tea

MS = The infusion of leaves of CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis) as a beverage, the familiar Oriental tea, which contains CATECHIN (especially epigallocatechin gallate) and CAFFEINE.

AN = restrict to drink prepared from tea plant, CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis); "teas" from other plants go under plant term (IM) + BEVERAGES (IM)

UI = D013662

 

Tea Tree Oil

MS = Essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree). It is used as a topical antimicrobial due to the presence of terpineol.

UI = D020947

 

Teaching

MS = The educational process of instructing.

AN = teacher as the imparter of knowledge goes here, not under FACULTY which is differentiated from student or administrator: Manual 30.25

UI = D013663

 

Teaching Materials

MS = Instructional materials used in teaching.

UI = D013664

 

Tear Gases

MS = Gases that irritate the eyes, throat, or skin. Severe lacrimation develops upon irritation of the eyes.

UI = D013665

 

Tears

MS = The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA.

AN = lacrimation = TEARS /secret unless LACRIMAL APPARATUS /secret or LACRIMAL APPARATUS /physiol is particularly discussed; epiphora: index under LACRIMAL APPARATUS DISEASES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in tears: index TEARS (IM) + IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY (IM)

UI = D013666

 

Technetium

MS = The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

AN = note X ref: many specific Technetium Tc 99m terms are available

UI = D013667

 

Technetium Compounds

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain TECHNETIUM as an integral part of the molecule. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) is an isotope of technetium that has a half-life of about 6 hours. Technetium 99, which has a half-life of 210,000 years, is a decay product of technetium 99m.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: TECHNETIUM CPDS

UI = D017556

 

Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in cardiovascular and cerebral circulation.

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC HSA

UI = D013668

 

Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid

MS = A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans.

AN = as label, use/diag use; DF: TC EHIDA

UI = D019784

 

Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid

MS = A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.

AN = as label, use/diag use; DF: TC DMSA

UI = D019783

 

Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin

MS = A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)

AN = as label, use/diag use; DF: TC DISIDA

UI = D019785

 

Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and myocardial imaging. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of inflammatory bowel diseases.

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC HMPAO

UI = D019690

 

Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin

MS = A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans. (J Nucl Med 1977;18(10):997-1004)

AN = as label, use/diag use; DF: TC HIDA

UI = D019780

 

Technetium Tc 99m Medronate

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC MEDRONATE

UI = D013669

 

Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide

MS = A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination.

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC MERTIATIDE

UI = D017263

 

Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate

MS = A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TCDTPA

UI = D016284

 

Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate

MS = A radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in scintigraphy or tomography of the heart to evaluate the extent of the necrotic myocardial process. It has also been used in noninvasive tests for the distribution of organ involvement in different types of amyloidosis and for the evaluation of muscle necrosis in the extremities.

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC PYRO or TC PYP

UI = D016698

 

Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi

MS = A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.

AN = as label, use /diag use

UI = D017256

 

Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

MS = A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.

AN = as label, use /diag use; DF: TC SULFUR COLLOID

UI = D013671

 

Technical Report [Publication Type]

MS = Work consisting of a formal report giving details of the investigation and results of a medical or other scientific problem. When issued by a government agency or comparable official body, its contents may be classified, unclassified, or declassified with regard to security clearance. This publication type may also cover a scientific paper or article that records the current state or current position of scientific research and development. If so labeled by the editor or publisher, this publication type may be properly used for journal articles.

AN = publication type only

UI = D016427

 

Technology

MS = The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes in any field. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation.

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TECHNOL

UI = D013672

 

Technology Assessment, Biomedical

MS = Evaluation of biomedical technology in relation to cost, efficacy, utilization, etc., and its future impact on social, ethical, and legal systems.

AN = restrict to MeSH definition: do not use as routine coord for "evaluation" of a specific technique or "technol"; DF: TECHNOL ASSESS BIOMED

UI = D013673

 

Technology Transfer

MS = Spread and adoption of inventions and techniques from one geographic area to another, from one discipline to another, or from one sector of the economy to another. For example, improvements in medical equipment may be transferred from industrial countries to developing countries, advances arising from aerospace engineering may be applied to equipment for persons with disabilities, and innovations in science arising from government research are made available to private enterprise.

AN = transfer geographically, between disciplines or between govt & non-govt sectors; DF: TECHNOL TRANSFER

UI = D018581

 

Technology, Dental

MS = The field of dentistry involved in procedures for designing and constructing dental appliances. It includes also the application of any technology to the field of dentistry.

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TECHNOL DENT

UI = D013674

 

Technology, High-Cost

MS = Advanced technology that is costly, requires highly skilled personnel, and is unique in its particular application. Includes innovative, specialized medical/surgical procedures as well as advanced diagnostic and therapeutic equipment.

AN = costly advanced technol; DF: TECHNOL HIGH COST

UI = D013675

 

Technology, Industry, and Agriculture

AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use

UI = D013676

 

Technology, Medical

MS = The specialty related to the performance of techniques in clinical pathology such as those in hematology, microbiology, and other general clinical laboratory applications.

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TECHNOL MED

UI = D013677

 

Technology, Pharmaceutical

MS = The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy, pharmacology, and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures and in the treatment of patients.

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TECHNOL PHARM

UI = D013678

 

Technology, Radiologic

MS = The application of scientific knowledge or technology to the field of radiology. The applications center mostly around x-ray or radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but the technological applications of any radiation or radiologic procedure is within the scope of radiologic technology.

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; do not confuse with RADIOGRAPHY ( = x-ray diag); TECHNOLOGY, RADIOLOGIC is not restricted to radiography & the emphasis is on the technol; IM general only, NIM as the technol coord for a specific radiologic technol; DF: TECHNOL RADIOL

UI = D013679

 

Tectiviridae

MS = A family of lipid-containing bacteriophages with double capsids which infect both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It has one genus, Tectivirus.

AN = a family of lipid-containing bacteriophages

UI = D017916

 

Tectorial Membrane

MS = A gelatinous membrane, attached to the bony spiral lamina, which overlies the hair cells within the cochlea of the inner ear.

UI = D013680

 

Tedelparin

MS = A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D017985

 

Tegafur

MS = Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms.

UI = D005641

 

Tegmentum Mesencephali

AN = do not confuse with TECTUM MESENCEPHALI

UI = D013681

 

Teichoic Acids

MS = Bacterial polysaccharides that are rich in phosphodiester linkages. They are the major components of the cell walls and membranes of many bacteria.

UI = D013682

 

Teicoplanin

MS = Glycopeptide antibiotic complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety.

UI = D017334

 

Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic

MS = An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by the presence of multiple small telangiectases of the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs, associated with recurrent episodes of bleeding from affected sites and gross or occult melena. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = multiple telangiectases; note short X ref

UI = D013683

 

Telangiectasis

MS = Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (capillaries, arterioles, venules) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes.

AN = note specifics; CAPILLARY TELANGICTASIA, BRAIN and PONTINE CAPILLARY TELANGIECTASIAS see CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS are also available

UI = D013684

 

Telecommunications

MS = Transmission of information over distances via electronic means.

UI = D013685

 

Telefacsimile

MS = A telecommunication system combining the transmission of a document scanned at a transmitter, its reconstruction at a receiving station, and its duplication there by a copier.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: note short X ref

UI = D016636

 

Telemedicine

MS = Delivery of health services via remote telecommunications. This includes interactive consultative and diagnostic services.

AN = "deliv of health serv via remote telecommun"; note specifics; DF: TELEMED

UI = D017216

 

Telemetry

MS = Transmission of the readings of instruments to a remote location by means of wires, radio waves, or other means. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

AN = coord IM or NIM with specific procedure if relevant (IM or NIM); do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D013686

 

Telencephalon

MS = Paired anteriolateral evaginations of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis. The cerebral hemispheres are derived from it. Many authors consider cerebrum a synonymous term to telencephalon, though a minority include diencephalon as part of the cerebrum (Anthoney, 1994).

UI = D013687

 

Telepathology

MS = Transmission and interpretation of tissue specimens via remote telecommunication, generally for the purpose of diagnosis or consultation but may also be used for continuing education.

AN = "transm & interpret of tissue specimens via remote telecommun"; DF: TELEPATHOL

UI = D019113

 

Telepathy

MS = The knowledge or communication by one person with the mental processes of another through channels other than known physical or perceptual processes.

UI = D013688

 

Telephone

MS = An instrument for reproducing sounds especially articulate speech at a distance. (Webster, 3rd ed)

AN = modem: index under TELECOMMUNICATIONS

UI = D013689

 

Teleradiology

MS = The electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. Users in different locations may simultaneously view images with greater access to secondary consultations and improved continuing education. (From American College of Radiology, ACR Standard for Teleradiology, 1994, p3)

AN = "electronic transm of radiol images"; DF: TELERADIOL

UI = D019112

 

Television

MS = The transmission and reproduction of transient images of fixed or moving objects. An electronic system of transmitting such images together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound. (From Webster, 3rd ed)

AN = for color TV do not coord with COLOR unless specifically emphasized & then NIM only

UI = D013690

 

Tellurium

MS = Tellurium. An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.

AN = Te-130; Te-120, 122-126, 128 = TELLURIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Te-115-119, 121, 127, 129, 131-135 = TELLURIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D013691

 

Telomerase

MS = Essential ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric DNA to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomerase appears to be repressed in normal human somatic tissues but reactivated in cancer, and thus may be necessary for malignant transformation. EC 2.7.7.-.

UI = D019098

 

Telomere

MS = A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

AN = terminal section of a chromosome involved in chromosomal replication & stability; A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted

UI = D016615

 

Telomere-Binding Proteins

MS = Proteins that specifically bind to TELOMERES. Proteins in this class include those that perform functions such as telomere capping, telomere maintenance and telomere stabilization.

AN = coordinate with MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS (IM) if from MITOCHONDRIA; see SCR for specific terms

UI = D034501

 

Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1

MS = A ubiquitously expressed telomere-binding protein that is present at TELOMERES throughout the CELL CYCLE. It is a suppressor of telomere elongation and may be involved in stabilization of telomere length. It is structurally different from TELEMORIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 2 in that it contains acidic N-terminal amino acid residues.

UI = D035321

 

Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2

MS = A ubiquitously expressed telomere-binding protein that is present at TELOMERES throughout the cell cycle. It is a suppressor of telomere elongation and may be involved in stabilization of telomere length. It is structurally different from TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 1 in that it contains basic N-terminal amino acid residues.

UI = D035341

 

Telophase

MS = The final phase of cell division, in which two daughter nuclei are formed, the cytoplasm divides, and the chromosomes lose their distinctness and are transformed into chromatin networks.

AN = final phase of cell div; NIM specific cell when merely test cell; coord with specific cell /cytol; permitted with micro-organisms

UI = D013692

 

Temazepam

MS = A benzodiazepinone that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.

UI = D013693

 

Temefos

MS = An organothiophosphate insecticide.

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

UI = D000002

 

Temperament

MS = Predisposition to react to one's environment in a certain way; usually refers to mood changes.

UI = D013694

 

Temperance

MS = Abstinence from alcohol.

AN = "abstinence from alcohol"

UI = D013695

 

Temperature

AN = no qualif; prefer to specify HEAT or COLD

UI = D013696

 

Temperature Sense

MS = The sensation of cold, heat, coolness, and warmth.

UI = D013697

 

Templates, Genetic

MS = Macromolecular moulds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA REPLICATION; TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA, and TRANSLATION of RNA into POLYPEPTIDES.

AN = biol context only: not for metal templates or patterns or gauges; NIM

UI = D013698

 

Temporal Arteries

MS = Arteries arising from the external carotid or the maxillary artery and distributing to the temporal region.

AN = inflammation = TEMPORAL ARTERITIS

UI = D013699

 

Temporal Arteritis

MS = A systemic autoimmune vasculitis occurring primarily in people over the age of 50. Pathologic features include a necrotizing panarteritis including granulomas and giant cells. There is a predilection for involvement of central nervous system blood vessels and the most frequent neurologic complication is an OPTIC NEUROPATHY, ISCHEMIC. Large blood vessels may become involved, including the aorta. Clinical manifestations may include myalgias, weight loss, headache, visual loss, necrosis of the skin or tongue, and chest discomfort. Superficial scalp arteries may become tender and enlarged. A related condition, juvenile temporal arteritis, tends to occur in the first or second decade of life. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p856)

UI = D013700

 

Temporal Bone

AN = fractures: coord TEMPORAL BONE /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM with SKULL NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D013701

 

Temporal Lobe

MS = Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere.

AN = dis: coord IM with BRAIN DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D013702

 

Temporal Muscle

MS = A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

AN = /growth: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; /embryol: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT if pertinent

UI = D013703

 

Temporomandibular Joint

MS = An articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

UI = D013704

 

Temporomandibular Joint Disk

MS = A plate of fibrous tissue that divides the temporomandibular joint into an upper and lower cavity. The disk is attached to the articular capsule and moves forward with the condyle in free opening and protrusion. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p92)

AN = disk displacement: coord IM with DISLOCATIONS (IM); DF: TMJ DISK

UI = D019224

 

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

MS = A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)

AN = GEN or unspecified; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME is also available; DF: TMJ DIS

UI = D013705

 

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome

MS = A symptom complex consisting of pain, muscle tenderness, clicking in the joint, and limitation or alteration of mandibular movement. The symptoms are subjective and manifested primarily in the masticatory muscles rather than the temporomandibular joint itself. Etiologic factors are uncertain but include occlusal dysharmony and psychophysiologic factors.

AN = DF: note short X ref TMJ SYNDROME

UI = D013706

 

Tenascin

MS = Hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein transiently expressed in many developing organs and often re-expressed in tumors. It is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in smooth muscle and tendons. (From Kreis & Vale, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Proteins, 1993, p93)

UI = D019063

 

Tendinitis

MS = Inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = inflamm of tendons: do not confuse with TENOSYNOVITIS, inflamm of tendon sheath

UI = D013707

 

Tendon Injuries

MS = Injuries to the fibrous cords of connective tissue which attach muscles to bones or other structures.

UI = D013708

 

Tendon Transfer

MS = Surgical procedure by which a tendon is incised at its insertion and placed at an anatomical site distant from the original insertion. The tendon remains attached at the point of origin and takes over the function of a muscle inactivated by trauma or disease.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with TENDONS /transpl

UI = D013709

 

Tendons

MS = Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.

AN = tendon rupt = TENDON INJURIES (IM) + RUPTURE (NIM); /surg: consider TENDON TRANSFER; /transpl permitted: do not confuse with TENDON TRANSFER; for specifically located tendons coord IM with general area of tendon, not a bone term, as metacarpal tendon: TENDONS (IM) + HAND or FINGERS (IM), not METACARPUS; "false tendons" of heart = PURKINJE FIBERS (see note there); tendon reflex = REFLEX, TENDON see REFLEX, STRETCH

UI = D013710

 

Tendons, Para-Articular

UI = D013711

 

Tenebrio

MS = A genus of beetles which infests grain products. Its larva is called mealworm.

AN = beetle; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted

UI = D013712

 

Teniposide

MS = A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.

UI = D013713

 

Tennessee

UI = D013714

 

Tennis

MS = A game played by two or four players with rackets and an elastic ball on a level court divided by a low net.

AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted

UI = D013715

 

Tennis Elbow

MS = A condition characterized by pain in or near the lateral humeral epicondyle or in the forearm extensor muscle mass as a result of unusual strain. It occurs in tennis players as well as housewives, artisans, and violinists.

AN = in "housewives, artisans & violinists" as well as in tennis players; do not coord with TENNIS (NIM) unless the sport is particularly discussed; do not coord with ATHLETIC INJURIES (IM) unless tennis elbow is discussed as an athletic inj

UI = D013716

 

Tenosynovitis

MS = Inflammation of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced. Friction rubs may be felt or heard (with a stethoscope) on movement. Calcium deposits may occur in the tendon and its sheath, leading to opacities on radiographs of the affected area. (Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

AN = inflamm of a tendon sheath: do not confuse with TENDINITIS (inflamm of tendon) or SYNOVITIS (inflamm of synovial membrane); do not confuse X ref DE QUERVAIN DISEASE with de Quervain's dis of thyroid ( = DE QUERVAIN THYROIDITIS see THYROIDITIS, SUBACUTE)

UI = D013717

 

Tensile Strength

MS = The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)

AN = NIM; do not confuse with COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

UI = D013718

 

Tension Headache

MS = A common condition characterized by recurrent occipital, temporal, or frontal pressure-like HEADACHE associated with nuchal discomfort. Mid-life onset and bilateral pain are features which tend to distinguish this condition from COMMON MIGRAINE. ANXIETY and DEPRESSION may aggravate this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp182-3)

UI = D018781

 

Tensor Tympani

MS = Tensor muscle of the tympanic membrane that draws the handle of the malleus medialward and tenses the tympanic membrane. (Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = /growth: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; /embryol: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT if pertinent

UI = D013719

 

Tenuazonic Acid

MS = 3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.

AN = an antineoplastic antibiotic

UI = D013720

 

Tenuivirus

MS = A genus of RNA plant viruses as yet unassigned to any family. Plant hosts are all in the family Poaceae. Each species is transmitted by a particular species of planthopper. The type species is Rice stripe virus.

AN = coord IM with specific plant /virol

UI = D029364

 

Tephritidae

MS = A large family of fruit flies in the order DIPTERA, comprising over 4,500 species in about 100 genera. They have patterned wings and brightly colored bodies and are found predominantly in the tropical latitudes.

UI = D033621

 

Tephrosia

MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains tephrorin, tephrosone, and C-prenylflavonoids.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031304

 

Teprotide

MS = A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.

UI = D013722

 

Teratocarcinoma

MS = A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with probably TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D018243

 

Teratogens

MS = An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

AN = be careful: "teratogenic effect" of a drug or chem is probably ABNORMALITIES, DRUG-INDUCED + drug or chem named (with required qualif) & not TERATOGENS

UI = D013723

 

Teratology

MS = That division of embryology which deals with abnormal development and congenital malformations. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; corresponding dis term is ABNORMALITIES; consider also MONSTERS; DF: TERATOL

UI = D018600

 

Teratoma

MS = A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They may be solid or cystic and are classified histologically as mature, immature, and malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed & DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

UI = D013724

 

Terbium

MS = Terbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.

AN = a rare earth metal; Tb-159; Tb-147-158, 160-164 = TERBIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D013725

 

Terbutaline

MS = A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

UI = D013726

 

Terfenadine

MS = A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug is used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria.

UI = D016593

 

Teriparatide

MS = A synthetic polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human parathyroid hormone, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)

AN = a synthetic parathyroid hormone

UI = D019379

 

Terminal Care

MS = Medical and nursing care of patients in the terminal stage of an illness.

AN = med & nurs care for the patient: TERMINALLY ILL refers to the patient; also available is HOSPICE CARE (palliative & supportive care for the patient & family)

UI = D013727

 

Terminal Repeat Sequences

MS = Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.

AN = DF: TERMINAL REPEAT SEQ

UI = D020079

 

Terminalia

MS = A plant genus of the family COMBRETACEAE. Members contain arjunin, an ellagitannin (TANNINS).

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029766

 

Terminally Ill

MS = Persons with an incurable or irreversible illness at the end stage that will result in death within a short time. (From O'Leary et al., Lexikon: Dictionary of Health Care Terms, Organizations, and Acronyms for the Era of Reform, 1994, p780)

AN = the terminal patient himself; care of the terminal patient = TERMINAL CARE

UI = D019452

 

Terminator Regions (Genetics)

MS = DNA sequences which signal the termination of transcription.

AN = DF: TERMINATOR REGIONS

UI = D013728

 

Terminology

MS = The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

AN = IM; no qualif; Manual 33.15; "medical nomenclature": do not coord with MEDICINE

UI = D009626

 

Terminology [Publication Type]

MS = Work consisting of lists of the technical terms or expressions used in a specific field. These lists may or may not be formally adopted or sanctioned by usage.

UI = D020502

 

Terpenes

AN = 15 carbon atoms = SESQUITERPENES, 20 carbon atoms = DITERPENES, 30 carbon atoms = TRITERPENES

UI = D013729

 

Terphenyl Compounds

MS = Compounds consisting of benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions. Permitted are any substitutions, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed.

AN = DF: TERPHENYL CPDS

UI = D013730

 

Territoriality

MS = Behavior in defense of an area against another individual or individuals primarily of the same species.

AN = no qualif

UI = D013731

 

Terrorism

MS = The use of force or VIOLENCE against persons or property in violation of criminal laws for purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom.

UI = D023481

 

tert-Butyl Alcohol

UI = D020002

 

tert-Butylhydroperoxide

MS = A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.

UI = D020122

 

Test Anxiety Scale

MS = A self-reporting test consisting of items concerning fear and worry about taking tests and physiological activity, such as heart rate, sweating, etc., before, during, and after tests.

UI = D013732

 

Testicular Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = ORCHITIS

UI = D013733

 

Testicular Hormones

MS = Hormones produced in the testis.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013735

 

Testicular Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013736

 

Testis

MS = The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

AN = torsion = SPERMATIC CORD TORSION; inflammation = ORCHITIS; /abnorm: agenesis or dysgenesis: coord TESTIS /abnorm (IM) with GONADAL DYSGENESIS (IM); /cytol: consider also LEYDIG CELLS; /surg is probably ORCHIECTOMY; excision = ORCHIECTOMY

UI = D013737

 

Testolactone

MS = An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.

UI = D013738

 

Testosterone

MS = The major androgenic hormone produced by the interstitial (Leydig) cells of the testes in response to stimulation by the luteinizing hormone of the anterior pituitary. It regulates gonadotropic secretion and wolffian duct differentiation, and stimulates skeletal muscle. It is also responsible for other male characteristics and spermatogenesis after its conversion to dihydrotestosterone. In addition testosterone possesses protein anabolic properties, and it is converted to estradiol in peripheral tissue. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D013739

 

Testosterone 5-alpha-Reductase

UI = D013741

 

Tetanus

MS = A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.

AN = caused by Clostridium tetani; do not confuse with TETANY; do not use for tonic spasm of muscle ( = SPASM) or for tetanic contraction ( = MUSCLE CONTRACTION)

UI = D013742

 

Tetanus Antitoxin

AN = for ther: for prev index under TETANUS TOXOID

UI = D013743

 

Tetanus Toxin

MS = The toxin elaborated by Clostridium tetani. It is a protein with a molecular weight of about 150,000, probably consisting of two fragments, tetanolysin being the hemolytic and tetanospasmin the neurotoxic principle. The toxin causes disruption of the inhibitory mechanisms of the CNS, thus permitting uncontrolled nervous activity, leading to fatal convulsions.

AN = /antag permitted but consider also TETANUS ANTITOXIN

UI = D013744

 

Tetanus Toxoid

AN = note specific indentions

UI = D013745

 

Tetany

MS = A disorder characterized by muscle twitches, cramps, and carpopedal spasm, and when severe, laryngospasm and seizures. This condition is associated with unstable depolarization of axonal membranes, primarily in the peripheral nervous system. Tetany usually results from HYPOCALCEMIA or reduced serum levels of MAGNESIUM that may be associated with HYPERVENTILATION; HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; RICKETS; UREMIA; or other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1490)

AN = hyperexcitability of nerves & muscles; do not confuse with TETANUS (a Clostridium tetani infect) & do not confuse with tetanic spasm of muscle ( = SPASM) or with tetanic contraction ( = MUSCLE CONTRACTION); coord with cause if given

UI = D013746

 

Tetrabenazine

MS = A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic but now used primarily in the treatment of various movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia. Tetrabenazine blocks uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system.

AN = do not confuse with TETRACYCLINES, the group

UI = D013747

 

Tetracaine

MS = A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.

UI = D013748

 

Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

MS = A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose reproductive, as well as, other health risks for animals and humans.

UI = D013749

 

Tetrachloroethylene

MS = A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.

UI = D013750

 

Tetrachlorvinphos

MS = An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. It has low mammalian toxicity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

UI = D013751

 

Tetracycline

MS = An antibiotic originally produced by Streptomyces viridifaciens, but used mostly in synthetic form. It is an inhibitor of aminoacyl-tRNA binding during protein synthesis.

UI = D013752

 

Tetracycline Resistance

MS = Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of TETRACYCLINE which inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit during protein synthesis.

UI = D013753

 

Tetracyclines

MS = Closely congeneric derivatives of the polycyclic naphthacenecarboxamide. (Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1117)

AN = an antibiotic group: do not confuse with TETRACYCLINE, a specific drug; in ther of dis is likely to be ANTIBIOTICS, TETRACYCLINE

UI = D013754

 

Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

MS = A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013755

 

Tetraethyl Lead

MS = A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

UI = D013756

 

Tetraethylammonium

MS = A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)

UI = D019789

 

Tetraethylammonium Compounds

AN = DF: TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM CPDS

UI = D013757

 

Tetragastrin

MS = L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.

AN = "smallest peptide fragment of gastrin"

UI = D013758

 

Tetrahydrocannabinol

MS = A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. Dronabinol is a synthetic form of delta-9-THC.

UI = D013759

 

Tetrahydrocortisol

AN = do not confuse with TETRAHYDROCORTISONE

UI = D013760

 

Tetrahydrocortisone

AN = do not confuse with TETRAHYDROCORTISOL

UI = D013761

 

Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase

MS = An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.5.1.3.

UI = D013762

 

Tetrahydrofolates

AN = folic acids & coenzymes; /defic: coord IM with FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY (IM)

UI = D013763

 

Tetrahydronaphthalenes

MS = Partially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds.

UI = D013764

 

Tetrahydropapaveroline

MS = A leukomaine (animal alkaloid) formed in brain and liver from dopamine and L-dopa; it may be implicated in psychiatric problems.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013765

 

Tetrahydrouridine

MS = An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.

UI = D013767

 

Tetrahymena

MS = A genus of ciliate protozoa commonly used in genetic, cytological, and other research.

AN = a genus of ciliate protozoa: do not confuse with suborder TETRAHYMENINA; a much used research tool

UI = D013768

 

Tetrahymena pyriformis

MS = A species of ciliate protozoa used extensively in genetic research.

AN = a protozoon used in genetic research

UI = D013769

 

Tetrahymena thermophila

MS = A species of ciliate protozoa used in genetic and cytological research.

AN = a protozoon used in genetic & cytol research

UI = D016808

 

Tetrahymenina

MS = A suborder of ciliate protozoa. Most organisms are free-living in fresh water and many species are used extensively for experimental studies.

AN = a suborder of ciliate protozoa: do not confuse with genus TETRAHYMENA

UI = D016806

 

Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide

MS = N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.

AN = a cholinesterase inhib

UI = D013770

 

Tetralogy of Fallot

MS = A combination of congenital cardiac defects consisting of pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defects, dextroposition of the aorta so that it overrides the interventricular septum and receives venous as well as arterial blood, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

AN = multiple heart defects; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse with TRILOGY OF FALLOT

UI = D013771

 

Tetramethylphenylenediamine

MS = Used in the form of the hydrochloride as a reagent in analytical chemistry.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013772

 

Tetramisole

UI = D013773

 

Tetranitromethane

MS = Corrosive oxidant, explosive; additive to diesel and rocket fuels; causes skin and lung irritation; proposed war gas. A useful reagent for studying the modification of specific amino acids, particularly tyrosine residues in proteins. Has also been used for studying carbanion formation and for detecting the presence of double bonds in organic compounds.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013774

 

Tetranychidae

MS = Family of spider MITES, in the superfamily Tetranychoidea, suborder Trombidiformes.

UI = D040102

 

Tetraodontiformes

MS = A small order of primarily marine fish containing 340 species. Most have a rotund or box-like shape. TETRODOTOXIN is found in their liver and ovaries.

UI = D023721

 

Tetraphenylborate

MS = An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013775

 

Tetrapleura

MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain molluscicidal triterpene glycosides (TRITERPENES).

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031305

 

Tetrathionic Acid

MS = A sulfuric acid dimer, formed by disulfide linkage. This compound has been used to prolong coagulation time and as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013776

 

Tetrazoles

UI = D013777

 

Tetrazolium Salts

MS = Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)

AN = indicators & reagents; D25-26 qualif

UI = D013778

 

Tetrodotoxin

MS = An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.

AN = /antag permitted but consider also ANTITOXINS

UI = D013779

 

Tetroses

UI = D013780

 

Teucrium

MS = A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE. Members contain teuscordonin. There have been reports of hepatoxicity by this genus.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031367

 

Texas

UI = D013781

 

Textbooks

MS = Books used in the study of a subject that contain a systematic presentation of the principles and vocabulary of a subject.

UI = D013782

 

Textbooks [Publication Type]

MS = Books intended for use in the study of specific subjects, containing systematic presentation of the principles and essential knowledge of the subjects.

AN = used by special data producers only

UI = D022923

 

Textile Industry

MS = The aggregate business enterprise of manufacturing textiles. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: TEXTILE INDUST

UI = D013783

 

Textiles

AN = textile mesh is probably SURGICAL MESH

UI = D013784

 

Th1 Cells

MS = Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

AN = helper-inducer T-lymphocytes: h stands for "helper"; A 11 qualif

UI = D018417

 

Th2 Cells

MS = Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

AN = helper-inducer T-lymphocytes: h stands for "helper"; A 11 qualif

UI = D018418

 

Thailand

AN = = Siam

UI = D013785

 

Thalamic Diseases

MS = Disorders of the centrally located thalamus, which integrates a wide range of cortical and subcortical information. Manifestations include sensory loss, MOVEMENT DISORDERS; ATAXIA, pain syndromes, visual disorders, a variety of neuropsychological conditions, and COMA. Relatively common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; BRAIN HYPOXIA; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; and infectious processes.

UI = D013786

 

Thalamic Nuclei

MS = Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses in the brain.

UI = D013787

 

Thalamus

MS = Paired bodies containing mostly gray substance and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.

UI = D013788

 

Thalassemia

MS = A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.

AN = a congen hemolytic anemia; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

UI = D013789

 

Thalassotherapy

MS = The therapeutic use of seaside resorts; includes treatment by sea air, sea voyages, and sea bathing.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; includes sea bathing, sea voyages or sea air

UI = D013790

 

Thalictrum

MS = A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain isoquinoline alkaloids and triterpene glycosides.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031949

 

Thalidomide

MS = A pharmaceutical agent originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market because of its known tetratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppresive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.

UI = D013792

 

Thallium

MS = A heavy, soft, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight 204.37, symbol Tl. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = Tl-205; Tl-203 = THALLIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Tl-198-202, 204, 206-210 = THALLIUM RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D013793

 

Thallium Radioisotopes

MS = Unstable isotopes of thallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Tl atoms with atomic weights 198-202, 204, and 206-210 are thallium radioisotopes.

AN = Tl-198-202, 204, 206-210; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

UI = D013794

 

Thanatology

MS = The study of the theory, philosophy, and doctrine of death.

AN = "the study of the theory, philosophy & doctrine of death"; do not confuse with DEATH, the physiol concept; DF: THANATOL

UI = D013795

 

Thanatophoric Dysplasia

MS = A severe form of neonatal dwarfism with very short limbs. All cases have died at birth or in the neonatal period.

AN = a form of dwarfism; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

UI = D013796

 

Thapsigargin

MS = A potent skin irritating sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the roots of Thapsia garganica L. (Apiaceae). It also acts as a non-phorbol-ester-type tumor promoter which discharges intracellular Ca2+ stores by specific inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. (Biochem Pharmacol 1987;36(5):621-6; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88(16):7096-100)

UI = D019284

 

Thauera

MS = A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria able to anaerobically oxidize and degrade toluene.

UI = D020628

 

Theaceae

MS = A plant family of the order THEALES, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida, best known for CAMELLIA SINENSIS, which is the source of Oriental TEA.

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D028242

 

Theales

MS = A plant order of the subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It includes 18 families, approximately 175 genera, and 3,400 species. Its members are mostly tropical trees and shrubs.

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D020448

 

Thebaine

MS = A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

AN = thebaine derivatives = THEBAINE /analogs

UI = D013797

 

Theca Cells

MS = The flattened stroma cells forming a sheath or theca outside the basal lamina lining the mature OVARIAN FOLLICLE. Thecal interstitial or stromal cells are steroidogenic, and produce primarily ANDROGENS which serve as precusors of ESTROGENS in the GRANULOSA CELLS.

UI = D013799

 

Thecoma

MS = A sex cord-stromal tumor of the postmenopausal ovary that is yellow, large, and unilateral, composed of fascicles of lipid-rich spindle cells interspersed with collagen, reticulin fibers, and hyaline plaques. Thecomas and other estrogen-producing tumors (e.g., granulosa cell tumors) may induce adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium or well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma in 3%-20% of the cases. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

AN = coord IM with OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D013798

 

Theft

MS = Unlawful act of taking property.

UI = D013800

 

Theileria

MS = A genus of tick-borne protozoa parasitic in the lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells of mammals. Its organisms multiply asexually and then invade erythrocytes, where they undergo no further reproduction until ingested by a transmitting tick.

AN = a tick-borne protozoon; infection = THEILERIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D016794

 

Theileria annulata

MS = A protozoan parasite causing tropical theileriasis in cattle. It is transmitted by ticks of the Hyalomma genus.

AN = a tick-borne protozoon; infection: coord IM with THEILERIASIS (IM) + check tags ANIMAL & CATTLE but not also CATTLE DISEASES; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D016796

 

Theileria parva

MS = A protozoan parasite that is the etiologic agent of East Coast fever (THEILERIASIS). Transmission is by ticks of the Physicephalus and Hyalomma genera.

AN = a tick-borne protozoon; infection: coord IM with THEILERIASIS (IM) + check tags ANIMAL & CATTLE but not also CATTLE DISEASES; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D016797

 

Theileriasis

MS = Infection of cattle, sheep, or goats with protozoa of the genus THEILERIA. This infection results in an acute or chronic febrile condition.

UI = D013801

 

Theilovirus

MS = A species of CARDIOVIRUS which contains of three strains: Theiler's murine encephalomyellitis virus, Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus, and Rat encephalomyelitis virus.

AN = do not confuse x-Ref ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, MURINE, THEILER with ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, MURINE, also a Cardiovirus; infection: coord IM with CARDIOVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) or POLIOMYELITIS (IM); infection may also be a model for multiple sclerosis

UI = D017945

 

Thelazioidea

MS = A superfamily of parasitic nematodes which includes three genera: Thelazia, Spirocerca, and GNATHOSTOMA. Only Thelazia and GNATHOSTOMA occasionally occur in man.

AN = a superfamily of nematodes; infection: coord IM with SPIRURIDA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D013802

 

Thematic Apperception Test

MS = A projective technique which focuses primarily on the dynamics of interpersonal relationships. It consists of a series of 31 pictures that depict various social situations and interpersonal relations. A subset is selected by the examiner and presented to the subject who is asked to tell a story about each picture. The stories are interpreted in terms of the subject's relations to authority figures, to contemporaries of both sexes, and in terms of the compromises between external demands and the needs of the id, the ego, and the superego. (From Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, 1996)

UI = D013803

 

Thenoyltrifluoroacetone

MS = Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013804

 

Theobromine

MS = 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9)

AN = a bronchodilator & vasodilator alkaloid

UI = D013805

 

Theology

MS = The study of religion and religious belief, or a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings (from online Cambridge Dictionary of American English, 2000 and WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, 1997)

UI = D028725

 

Theophylline

MS = A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLATE CYCLASE and cyclic AMP.

UI = D013806

 

Therapeutic Community

MS = Psychotherapeutic technique which emphasizes socioenvironmental and interpersonal influences in the resocialization and rehabilitation of the patient. The setting is usually a hospital unit or ward in which professional and nonprofessional staff interact with the patients.

AN = no qualif

UI = D013808

 

Therapeutic Equivalency

MS = The relative equivalency in the efficacy of different modes of treatment of a disease, most often used to compare the efficacy of different pharmaceuticals to treat a given disease.

AN = NIM with specific drug /pharmacokin (IM); no qualif; DF: THER EQUIVALENCY

UI = D013810

 

Therapeutic Human Experimentation

MS = Human experimentation that is intended to benefit the subjects on whom it is performed.

AN = use only when ethical, legal, psychological, or social issues are discussed

UI = D036302

 

Therapeutic Touch

MS = Placing of the hands of the healer upon the person to be cured with the intent of spiritual energetic healing.

AN = coord IM with disease /ther (IM); do not confuse with MASSAGE or other MUSCULOSKELETAL MANIPULATIONS

UI = D019124

 

Therapeutics

AN = avoid: too general: prefer /ther with diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.72; DF: THER

UI = D013812

 

Therapies, Investigational

MS = Treatments which are undergoing clinical trials or for which there is insufficient evidence to determine their effects on health outcomes; coverage for such treatments is often denied by health insurers.

UI = D035703

 

Therapy, Computer-Assisted

MS = Computer systems utilized as adjuncts in the treatment of disease.

AN = IM; SPEC: SPEC qualif; DRUG THERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED & RADIOTHERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED are also available

UI = D013813

 

Thermal Conductivity

AN = NIM; no qualif

UI = D013814

 

Thermococcaceae

MS = A family of anaerobic THERMOCOCCALES found in hot environments. There are two genera: PYROCOCCUS and THERMOCOCCUS.

AN = a family of the order Thermococcales

UI = D019710

 

Thermococcales

MS = An order of strictly anaerobic, thermophilic archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. Members exhibit heterotropic growth by sulfur respiration. There is a single family THERMOCOCCACEAE.

AN = an order of the kingdom of Euryarchaeota, of the domain of Archaea

UI = D019709

 

Thermococcus

MS = A genus of extremely thermophilic heterotrophic archaea, in the family THERMOCOCCACEAE, occurring in heated sea flows. They are anerobic chemoorganotropic sulfidogens.

AN = a genus of archaea found in heated sea flows; PYROCOCCUS, found in heated seawater, is also available

UI = D019712

 

Thermodilution

MS = Measurement of blood flow based on induction at one point of the circulation of a known change in the intravascular heat content of flowing blood and detection of the resultant change in temperature at a point downstream.

AN = NIM

UI = D013815

 

Thermodynamics

MS = A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

AN = no qualif

UI = D013816

 

Thermogenesis

MS = The generation of heat in order to maintain body temperature. The uncoupled oxidation of fatty acids contained within brown adipose tissue and SHIVERING are examples of thermogenesis in MAMMALS.

UI = D022722

 

Thermography

MS = Measurement of the regional temperature of the body or an organ by infrared sensing devices, based on self-emanating infrared radiation.

AN = in diag coord IM with disease /diag, not /radiogr; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: THERMOGR

UI = D013817

 

Thermogravimetry

MS = Technique whereby the weight of a sample can be followed over a period of time while its temperature is being changed (usually increased at a constant rate).

AN = NIM

UI = D013818

 

Thermoluminescent Dosimetry

UI = D013819

 

Thermolysin

MS = A thermostable extracellular metalloendopeptidase containing four calcium ions. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) 3.4.24.27.

UI = D013820

 

Thermometers

MS = Measuring instruments for determining the temperature of matter. Most thermometers used in the field of medicine are designed for measuring body temperature or for use in the clinical laboratory. (From UMDNS, 1999)

UI = D013821

 

Thermoplasma

MS = A genus of facultatively anaerobic heterotrophic archaea, in the order THERMOPLASMALES, isolated from self-heating coal refuse piles and acid hot springs. They are thermophilic and can grow both with and without sulfur.

AN = a genus of archaea found in burning slag & hot springs

UI = D013822

 

Thermoplasmales

MS = An order of aerobic, thermophilic archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA, characterized by the absence of a cell wall. Two genera have been described: THERMOPLASMA and Picrophilus.

AN = an order of the kingdom of Euryarchaeota, of the domain of Archaea

UI = D019603

 

Thermoproteaceae

MS = A family of THERMOPROTEALES consisting of variable length rigid rods without septa. They grow either chemolithoautotrophically or by sulfur respiration. The three genera are: Pyrobaculum, Thermofilum, and Thermoproteus. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1989)

AN = a family of Thermoproteales

UI = D019624

 

Thermoproteales

MS = An order of CRENARCHAEOTA comprised of rod, disc, or spherical shaped, nonseptate, anaerobic, extreme thermophiles and found in solfataric hot waters, mud holes, and superheated submarine environments.

AN = an order of the kingdom of Crenarchaeota, of the domain Archaea

UI = D019619

 

Thermoreceptors

MS = Cellular receptors which mediate the sense of temperature. Thermoreceptors in vertebrates are mostly located under the skin. In mammals there are separate types of thermoreceptors for cold and for warmth and NOCICEPTORS which detect cold or heat extreme enough to cause pain.

AN = sensory receptors for temperature; DF: THERMORECEPT

UI = D013823

 

Thermotoga maritima

MS = A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

UI = D020124

 

Thermus

MS = Gram-negative aerobic rods found in warm water (40-79 degrees C) such as hot springs, hot water tanks, and thermally polluted rivers.

AN = in hot springs, hot-water tanks, thermally polluted waters

UI = D013824

 

Thermus thermophilus

MS = A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in hot springs of neutral to alkaline pH, as well as in hot-water heaters.

AN = found in hot springs & hot-water tanks

UI = D016963

 

Theropithecus

MS = A genus of Old World monkeys of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, that inhabits the mountainous regions of Ethiopia. The genus consists of only one species, Theropithecus gelada.

AN = Old World monkey; NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with MONKEY DISEASES (IM)

UI = D016671

 

Theta Rhythm

MS = One of four types of brain waves, characterized by a frequency of 4-7 Hz, usually observed in the temporal lobes when the individual is awake, but relaxed and sleepy.

AN = in EEG

UI = D013826

 

Thevetia

MS = A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Members contain thevetin.

AN = Oleander see NERIUM is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031052

 

Thiabendazole

MS = 2-Substituted benzimidazole first introduced in 1962. It is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for strongyloidiasis. It has CNS side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919)

UI = D013827

 

Thiadiazines

UI = D013829

 

Thiadiazoles

AN = includes thiadiazolines, thiadiazolidines

UI = D013830

 

Thiamin Pyrophosphokinase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of thiamine pyrophosphate from ATP and thiamine. EC 2.7.6.2.

AN = do not confuse with THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE nor with thiamine diphosphate kinase

UI = D013836

 

Thiamin-Triphosphatase

MS = An enzyme present in nerve tissue. It catalyzes reversibly the formation of thiamine diphosphate and orthophosphate from thiamine triphosphate. EC 3.6.1.28.

AN = do not confuse with THIAMINE TRIPHOSPHATE

UI = D013837

 

Thiamine

MS = 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.

AN = a B vitamin

UI = D013831

 

Thiamine Deficiency

MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)

AN = a vitamin B defic; DF: THIAMINE DEFIC

UI = D013832

 

Thiamine Monophosphate

MS = Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate.

AN = a B vitamin

UI = D013833

 

Thiamine Pyrophosphatase

MS = An enzyme that hydrolyzes thiamine pyrophosphate to thiamine monophosphate plus inorganic phosphate. EC 3.6.1.-.

AN = do not confuse with THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE; DF: note short X ref

UI = D013834

 

Thiamine Pyrophosphate

MS = The coenzyme form of vitamin B1 (THIAMINE), present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.

AN = do not confuse with THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE

UI = D013835

 

Thiamine Triphosphate

MS = 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-(4,6,8,8-tetrahydroxy-3,5,7-trioxa-4,6,8-triphosphaoct-1-yl)thiazolium hydroxide, inner salt, P,P',P''-trioxide. The triphosphate ester of thiamine. In Leigh's disease, this compound is present in decreased amounts in the brain due to a metabolic block in its formation.

AN = a B vitamin; do not confuse with THIAMIN TRIPHOSPHATASE

UI = D013838

 

Thiamphenicol

MS = A methylsulfonyl analog of CHLORAMPHENICOL. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent.

UI = D013839

 

Thiamylal

MS = A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919)

AN = a barbiturate sedative & intravenous anesthetic

UI = D013840

 

Thiazepines

UI = D013841

 

Thiazines

UI = D013843

 

Thiazoles

AN = includes thiazolines, thiazolidines

UI = D013844

 

Thienamycins

MS = Beta-lactam antibiotics that differ from PENICILLINS in having the thiazolidine sulfur atom replaced by carbon, the sulfur then becoming the first atom in the side chain. They are unstable chemically, but have a very broad antibacterial spectrum. Thienamycin and its more stable derivatives are proposed for use in combinations with enzyme inhibitors.

AN = /biosyn permitted if by living matter

UI = D013845

 

Thiepins

UI = D013846

 

Thiethylperazine

MS = A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457)

UI = D013847

 

Thigh

AN = for bone use FEMUR; NIM when merely locational as in skin dis (IM); TN 117: use for human & other vertebrates

UI = D013848

 

Thimerosal

MS = A topical antiseptic used on skin and mucous membranes. It is also used as a preservative in pharmaceuticals.

UI = D013849

 

Thinking

MS = Mental activity, not predominantly perceptual, by which one apprehends some aspect of an object or situation based on past learning and experience.

AN = the thought process: do not confuse with MEDITATION, a relaxation technique; differentiate from COGNITION: see treeing & MeSH definition

UI = D013850

 

Thinness

MS = A state of insufficient flesh on the body usually defined as having a body weight less than skeletal and physical standards.

UI = D013851

 

Thioacetamide

MS = A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.

UI = D013853

 

Thioacetazone

MS = A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217)

UI = D013828

 

Thioamides

MS = Organic compounds containing the radical -CSNH2.

UI = D013854

 

Thiobacillus

MS = A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that derives energy from the oxidation of one or more reduced sulfur compounds. Its organisms are widely distributed in marine, freshwater, and soil environments, especially where oxidizable sulfur is abundant.

AN = in soil, mud, water

UI = D013855

 

Thiobacillus thiooxidans

MS = A strictly autotrophic bacterium that oxidizes sulfur and thiosulfate to sulfuric acid.

AN = in soil, mud, water

UI = D013856

 

Thiobarbiturates

MS = Compounds in which one or more of the ketone groups on the pyrimidine ring of barbituric acid are replaced by thione groups.

UI = D013858

 

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

MS = Low-molecular-weight end products, probably malondialdehyde, that are formed during the decomposition of lipid peroxidation products. These compounds react with thiobarbituric acid to form a fluorescent red adduct.

AN = DF: note short X ref

UI = D017392

 

Thiocapsa

MS = A genus of anoxygenic, photosynthetic, nonmotile, spherical to slightly ovoid bacterial cells occurring singly, or in aggregates of two or four, and usually surrounded with slime. It is found in stagnant water, mud of ponds, estuaries, and microbial mats of salt marshes. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

UI = D020586

 

Thiocapsa roseopersicina

MS = A species of THIOCAPSA which is facultatively aerobic and chemotrophic and which can utilize thiosulfate. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

UI = D020616

 

Thiocarbamates

MS = Carbamates in which the -CO- group has been replaced by a -CS- group.

UI = D013859

 

Thiocholine

MS = (2-Mercaptoethyl)trimethylammonium. A reagent for the determination of cholinesterases; acts also as a highly selective nerve stain.

AN = a reagent; D25-26 qualif

UI = D013860

 

Thioctic Acid

MS = A vitamin-like antioxidant that acts as a free-radical scavenger.

UI = D008063

 

Thiocyanates

MS = Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula R-SCN.

UI = D013861

 

Thiogalactosides

MS = Galactosides in which the oxygen atom linking the sugar and aglycone is replaced by a sulfur atom.

UI = D013862

 

Thioglucosides

AN = do not confuse with THIOGLYCOSIDES

UI = D013863

 

Thioglycolates

MS = Organic esters of thioglycolic acid (HS-CH2COOH).

UI = D013864

 

Thioglycosides

AN = do not confuse with THIOGLUCOSIDES

UI = D013865

 

Thioguanine

MS = An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.

UI = D013866

 

Thiohydantoins

UI = D013867

 

Thioinosine

MS = Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)

UI = D013868

 

Thiolester Hydrolases

UI = D013869

 

Thiomalates

UI = D013870

 

Thiones

AN = also "thions"

UI = D013871

 

Thionucleosides

MS = Nucleosides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

UI = D013872

 

Thionucleotides

MS = Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

UI = D013873

 

Thiopental

MS = A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration. It is also used for hypnosis and for the control of convulsive states. It has been used in neurosurgical patients to reduce increased intracranial pressure. It does not produce any excitation but has poor analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. Small doses have been shown to be anti-analgesic and lower the pain threshold. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p920)

AN = a sedative & intravenous anesthetic

UI = D013874

 

Thiophanate

MS = Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.

UI = D013875

 

Thiophenes

UI = D013876

 

Thiophosphoric Acid Esters

UI = D013877

 

Thioredoxin

MS = A hydrogen-carrying protein that participates in a variety of biochemical reactions including ribonucleotide reduction. Thioredoxin is oxidized from a dithiol to a disulfide during ribonucleotide reduction. The disulfide form is then reduced by NADPH in a reaction catalyzed by THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE.

AN = a protein; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D013879

 

Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH)

MS = NADPH:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase.

AN = DF: THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE

UI = D013880

 

Thioridazine

MS = A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of psychoses, including schizophrenia, and in the control of severely disturbed or agitated behavior. It has little antiemetic activity. Thioridazine has a higher incidence of antimuscarinic effects, but a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, than CHLORPROMAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p618)

UI = D013881

 

Thiorphan

MS = A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (enkephalinase). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced analgesia and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.

UI = D015244

 

Thiosemicarbazones

AN = antituberc agents

UI = D013882

 

Thiostrepton

MS = A cyclic peptide antibiotic (Antibiotics, Peptide) from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.

UI = D013883

 

Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the planetary sulfur atom of thiosulfate ion to cyanide ion to form thiocyanate ion. EC 2.8.1.1.

UI = D013884

 

Thiosulfates

MS = Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.

UI = D013885

 

Thiosulfonic Acids

MS = Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the general formula RS2O2H.

UI = D013886

 

Thiotepa

MS = A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).

UI = D013852

 

Thiothixene

MS = A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.

UI = D013888

 

Thiouracil

MS = Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.

AN = a thyroid antag

UI = D013889

 

Thiourea

MS = A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHRYOID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.

AN = a thyroid antag

UI = D013890

 

Thiouridine

MS = A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.

AN = an antimetabolite

UI = D013891

 

Thioxanthenes

UI = D013892

 

Thiram

MS = A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme glutathione reductase. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.

UI = D013893

 

Third Ventricle

MS = A narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the HYPOTHALAMUS, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by EPENDYMA. It communicates with the FOURTH VENTRICLE by the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT, and with the LATERAL VENTRICLES by the interventricular foramina.

AN = /radiogr: coord with CEREBRAL VENTRICULOGRAPHY

UI = D020542

 

Third-Party Consent

MS = Informed consent given by someone other than the patient or research subject.

AN = do not confuse with THIRD-PARTY PAYMENTS see INSURANCE, HEALTH, REIMBURSEMENT

UI = D020458

 

Thirst

MS = A drive stemming from a physiological need for water.

UI = D013894

 

Thlaspi

MS = A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that is grown in rock gardens. T. arvense is grown for its large, round ornamental seed pods. The common name of pennycress usually refers to this genus but may also refer to the genus Microthlaspi.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031227

 

Thogotovirus

MS = A genus of the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE comprising tick-borne viruses occasionally infecting humans. Dhori and Thogoto viruses were formerly thought to be members of BUNYAVIRIDAE. Thogoto virus is the type species.

AN = infection: coord IM with ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) or with INFLUENZA (IM)

UI = D018117

 

Thoracic Arteries

MS = Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles, mammary gland and the axillary aspect of the chest wall.

UI = D013895

 

Thoracic Cavity

MS = The region of the thorax that includes the PLEURAL CAVITY and MEDIASTINUM.

AN = prefer specifics

UI = D035423

 

Thoracic Diseases

MS = Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; CHEST PAIN is available

UI = D013896

 

Thoracic Duct

UI = D013897

 

Thoracic Injuries

MS = General or unspecified injuries to the chest area.

AN = GEN or unspecified only: prefer specifics like HEART INJURIES, LUNG /inj, etc.; consider also /inj with specific parts of the chest

UI = D013898

 

Thoracic Neoplasms

AN = GEN or unspecified only; prefer specifics like HEART NEOPLASMS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; etc; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013899

 

Thoracic Nerves

MS = The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls.

AN = dis: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013900

 

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

MS = A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the superior thoracic outlet. This may result from a variety of anomalies such as a cervical rib (CERVICAL RIB SYNDROME), anomalous fascial bands, and abnormalities of the origin or insertion of the anterior or medial scalene muscles. Clinical features may include pain in the shoulder and neck region which radiates into the arm, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of brachial plexus innervated muscles, PARESTHESIA, loss of sensation, reduction of arterial pulses in the affected extremity, ISCHEMIA, and EDEMA. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp214-5).

UI = D013901

 

Thoracic Surgery

MS = A surgical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart, lungs, and esophagus. Two major types of thoracic surgery are classified as pulmonary and cardiovascular.

AN = a surg specialty: do not confuse with THORACIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES (Cat E4); SPEC qualif; do not use for surg of specific thoracic organs ( = organ /surg) or specific thoracic dis ( = disease /surg); DF: THORACIC SURG

UI = D013903

 

Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted

MS = Endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission.

UI = D020775

 

Thoracic Surgical Procedures

MS = Surgery performed on the thoracic organs, most commonly the lungs and the heart.

AN = note category: do not confuse with THORACIC SURGERY, the surg specialty; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: THORACIC SURG PROCEDURES

UI = D019616

 

Thoracic Vertebrae

AN = IM when discussed as bones or as coord with specific spinal disease (IM); NIM when locational; inflammation = THORACIC VERTEBRAE (IM) + SPONDYLITIS (IM)

UI = D013904

 

Thoracic Wall

MS = The outer margins of the thorax containing SKIN, deep FASCIA; THORACIC VERTEBRAE; RIBS; STERNUM; and MUSCLES.

UI = D035441

 

Thoracica

MS = A superorder of marine CRUSTACEA, free swimming in the larval state, but permanently fixed as adults. There are some 800 described species, grouped in several genera, and comprising of two major orders of barnacles: stalked (Pedunculata) and sessile (Sessilia).

UI = D001468

 

Thoracoplasty

MS = Surgical removal of ribs, allowing the chest wall to move inward and collapse a diseased lung. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D013905

 

Thoracoscopes

MS = Endoscopes for examining the pleural cavity.

UI = D020708

 

Thoracoscopy

MS = Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.

UI = D013906

 

Thoracostomy

MS = Surgical creation of an opening (stoma) into the chest cavity for drainage; used in the treatment of pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and empyema.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with THORACOTOMY

UI = D013907

 

Thoracotomy

MS = Surgical incision into the chest wall.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with THORACOSTOMY

UI = D013908

 

Thorax

MS = The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = /surg = THORACIC SURGERY, the specialty (Cat G2) or THORACIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES (Cat E4); "intrathoracic" could be THORAX or HEART or LUNG or RIBS: check text; chest pain = CHEST PAIN

UI = D013909

 

Thorium

MS = Thorium. A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.

AN = naturally radioactive; IM

UI = D013910

 

Thorium Compounds

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain thorium as an integral part of the molecule.

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: THORIUM CPDS

UI = D017970

 

Thorium Dioxide

MS = Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.

AN = an early (1930-50) contrast medium; D25-26 qualif

UI = D013911

 

Threonine

MS = An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

AN = /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted

UI = D013912

 

Threonine Dehydratase

MS = A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the deamination of threonine to 2-ketobutyrate and ammonia. The role of this enzyme can be biosynthetic or biodegradative. In the former role it supplies 2-ketobutyrate required for isoleucine biosynthesis, while in the latter it is only involved in the breakdown of threonine to supply energy. EC 4.2.1.16.

UI = D013913

 

Threonine-tRNA Ligase

MS = An enzyme that activates threonine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.3.

UI = D013914

 

Threshold Limit Values

MS = Standards for limiting worker exposure to airborne contaminants. They are the maximum concentration in air at which it is believed that a particular substance will not produce adverse health effects with repeated daily exposure. It can be a time-weighted average (TLV-TWA), a short-term value (TLV-STEL), or an instantaneous value (TLV-Ceiling). They are expressed either as parts per million (ppm) or milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3).

AN = DF: STEL

UI = D020711

 

Thrombasthenia

MS = A congenital bleeding disorder with prolonged bleeding time, absence of aggregation of platelets in response to most agents, especially ADP, and impaired or absent clot retraction. Platelet membranes are deficient in or have a defect in the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX).

UI = D013915

 

Thrombectomy

MS = Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material from a blood vessel at the point of its formation. Removal of a clot arising from a distant site is called EMBOLECTOMY.

AN = removal of thrombus at its original site: differentiate from EMBOLECTOMY, removal of embolus transported from its origin; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D017131

 

Thrombelastography

MS = Use of a thrombelastograph, which provides a continuous graphic record of the physical shape of a clot during fibrin formation and subsequent lysis.

AN = records the physical shape of a blood clot; /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D013916

 

Thrombin

MS = An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

AN = /antag permitted: not same as ANTITHROMBINS

UI = D013917

 

Thrombin Time

MS = Test of the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin in which clotting time of plasma mixed with a thrombin solution is measured. Time is prolonged by afibrinogenemia, abnormal fibrinogen, or the presence of inhibitory substances, e.g., fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products, heparin. BATROXOBIN, a thrombin-like enzyme unaffected by the presence of heparin, may be used in place of thrombin.

AN = NIM; only /vet

UI = D013918

 

Thromboangiitis Obliterans

AN = TN 11: differentiate from other obliterative dis

UI = D013919

 

Thrombocythemia, Hemorrhagic

MS = A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.

UI = D013920

 

Thrombocytopenia

MS = A decrease in the number of blood platelets.

UI = D013921

 

Thrombocytosis

MS = Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = note X ref but hemorrhagic thrombocythemia = THROMBOCYTHEMIA, HEMORRHAGIC

UI = D013922

 

Thromboembolism

MS = Obstruction of a vessel by a blood clot that has been transported from a distant site by the blood stream.

UI = D013923

 

Thrombolytic Therapy

MS = Use of infusions of fibrinolytic agents to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts.

AN = coord IM with specific thrombolytic agents /ther use (IM) if specified + dis /drug ther (IM)

UI = D015912

 

Thrombomodulin

MS = A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation.

AN = a thrombin receptor

UI = D018180

 

Thrombophilia

MS = A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.

UI = D019851

 

Thrombophlebitis

MS = Inflammation of a vein associated with thrombus formation.

AN = assume to be of the legs so do not coord with LEG

UI = D013924

 

Thromboplastin

MS = Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.

UI = D013925

 

Thrombopoiesis

MS = The process of generating thrombocytes (BLOOD PLATELETS) from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW via the MEGAKARYOCYTES. The humoral factor with thrombopoiesis-stimulating activity is designated THROMBOPOIETIN.

UI = D034061

 

Thrombopoietin

MS = A humoral factor that stimulates the production of thrombocytes (BLOOD PLATELETS). Thrombopoietin stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow MEGAKARYOCYTES and their release of blood platelets. The process is called THROMBOPOIESIS.

UI = D013926

 

Thrombosis

MS = Formation and development of a thrombus. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; mural thrombus: coord IM with HEART DIS (IM)

UI = D013927

 

Thrombospondin 1

MS = An extracellular matrix glycoprotein from platelets and a variety of normal and transformed cells of both mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Thrombospondin-1 is believed to play a role in cell migration and proliferation, during embryogenesis and wound repair. Also, it has been studied for its use as a potential regulator of tumor growth and metastasis.

AN = a membrane glycoprotein

UI = D019700

 

Thrombospondins

MS = A family of related, adhesive glycoproteins which are synthesized, secreted, and incorporated into the extracellular matrix of a variety of cells, including alpha granules of platelets following thrombin activation and endothelial cells. They interact with a number of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS and anticoagulant factors. Five distinct forms have been identified, thrombospondin 1, -2, -3, -4, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). They are involved in cell adhesion, platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, vascular smooth muscle growth, and tissue repair.

AN = membrane glycoproteins; THROMBOSPONDIN 1 is also available

UI = D019699

 

Thromboxane A2

MS = An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013928

 

Thromboxane B2

MS = A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013929

 

Thromboxane-A Synthase

MS = An enzyme found predominantly in platelet microsomes. It catalyzes the conversion of PGG(2) and PGH(2) (prostaglandin endoperoxides) to thromboxane A2. EC 5.3.99.5.

AN = found in platelet microsomes

UI = D013930

 

Thromboxanes

MS = Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013931

 

Thuja

MS = A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE.

AN = X ref CEDAR, WESTERN RED: do not confuse with other cedar terms in MeSH; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029783

 

Thulium

MS = Thulium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.

AN = a rare earth metal; Tm-169; Tm-161-168, 170-176 = THULIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D013932

 

Thumb

AN = primates only; /inj permitted: do not convert to FINGER INJURIES

UI = D013933

 

Thylakoids

MS = Membranous cisternae of the chloroplast containing photosynthetic pigments, reaction centers, and the electron-transport chain. Each thylakoid consists of a flattened sac of membrane enclosing a narrow intra-thylakoid space (Lackie and Dow, Dictionary of Cell Biology, 2nd ed). Individual thylakoids are interconnected and tend to stack to form aggregates called grana. They are found in cyanobacteria and all plants.

UI = D020524

 

Thyme

MS = The common name of the plant species, Thymus vulgaris L. It is known for its flavor (SPICES).

AN = do not confuse with the THYMUS GLAND; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D027562

 

Thymectomy

MS = Surgical removal of the thymus gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D013934

 

Thymelaeaceae

MS = A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mainly trees and shrubs. Many members contain mucilage and COUMARINS.

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029645

 

Thymic Factor, Circulating

MS = A thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: THYMIC FACTOR CIRC

UI = D013935

 

Thymidine

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; "tritiated thymidine" as a research technique is probably NIM if indexed at all

UI = D013936

 

Thymidine Kinase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.

UI = D013937

 

Thymidine Monophosphate

MS = 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013938

 

Thymidine Phosphorylase

MS = The enzyme catalyzing the transfer of 2-deoxy-D-ribose from thymidine to orthophosphate, thereby liberating thymidine. EC 2.4.2.4.

UI = D013939

 

Thymidylate Synthase

MS = An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dUMP to dihydrofolate and dTMP in the synthesis of thymidine triphosphate. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.1.1.45.

UI = D013940

 

Thymine

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; thymine deoxyriboside, thymine deoxyribonucleoside = THYMIDINE

UI = D013941

 

Thymine Nucleotides

MS = Phosphate esters of THYMIDINE in N-glycosidic linkage with ribose or deoxyribose, as occurs in nucleic acids. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1154)

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013942

 

Thymol

MS = A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = an antiseptic & deodorizer

UI = D013943

 

Thymolphthalein

MS = Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D013944

 

Thymoma

MS = A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant and probably not neoplastic. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = coord IM with THYMUS NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D013945

 

Thymopentin

MS = Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. It is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies.

UI = D016305

 

Thymopoietins

MS = Two closely related polypeptides (molecular weight 7,000) isolated from the thymus gland. These hormones induce the differentiation of prothymocytes to thymocytes within the thymus. They also cause a delayed impairment of neuromuscular transmission in vivo and are therefore believed to be the agent responsible for myasthenia gravis.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; do not confuse X ref THYMINS with THYMINE

UI = D013946

 

Thymosin

MS = Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013947

 

Thymus Extracts

MS = Extracts of the thymus that contain specific, but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific activities; three distinct substances are already known: thymotoxin, thymin and thymosin.

AN = extracts of thymus or thymus fractions containing uncharacterized factors; do not confuse with chemical substances "extracted" from the thymus, as "peptides extracted from the mouse thymus" ( = PEPTIDES /anal + THYMUS GLAND /anal)

UI = D013949

 

Thymus Gland

MS = A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

AN = dis: coord IM with LYMPHATIC DISEASES (IM); /surg: probably THYMECTOMY; thymocyte in immunol context is probably T-LYMPHOCYTES; agenesis, aplasia, dysplasia = DIGEORGE SYNDROME; thymic cyst = THYMIC CYST see MEDIASTINAL CYST

UI = D013950

 

Thymus Hormones

MS = Humoral factors secreted by the thymus gland. They participate in the development of the lymphoid system and the maturation of the cellular immune response.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013951

 

Thymus Hyperplasia

MS = Enlargement of the thymus. A condition described in the late 1940's and 1950's as pathological thymic hypertrophy was status thymolymphaticus and was treated with radiotherapy. Unnecessary removal of the thymus was also practiced. It later became apparent that the thymus undergoes normal physiological hypertrophy, reaching a maximum at puberty and involuting thereafter. The concept of status thymolymphaticus has been abandoned. Thymus hyperplasia is present in two thirds of all patients with myasthenia gravis. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992; Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1486)

UI = D013952

 

Thymus Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013953

 

Thyroglobulin

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D013954

 

Thyroglossal Cyst

MS = A cyst in the neck caused by persistence of portions of, or by lack of closure of, the primitive thyroglossal duct. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; "thyroglossal duct" probably goes here

UI = D013955

 

Thyroid Cartilage

MS = The largest cartilage of the larynx consisting of two laminae fusing anteriorly at an acute angle in the midline of the neck. The point of fusion forms a subcutaneous projection known as the Adam's apple.

AN = a laryngeal cartilage: nothing to do with THYROID GLAND

UI = D013957

 

Thyroid Crisis

MS = Sudden and dangerous increase of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.

AN = "sudden & dangerous increase of the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis"

UI = D013958

 

Thyroid Diseases

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; inflamm dis = THYROIDITIS; thyroid crisis & thyroid storm = THYROID CRISIS; thyroid nodule = THYROID NODULE; chronic thyroiditis = THYROIDITIS, CHRONIC see THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMMUNE; subacute thyroiditis = THYROIDITIS, SUBACUTE; suppurative or infect thyroiditis = THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE

UI = D013959

 

Thyroid Function Tests

UI = D013960

 

Thyroid Gland

MS = A highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on either side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus; it produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body.

AN = /surg: probably THYROIDECTOMY; inflammation = THYROIDITIS; nodule = THYROID NODULE

UI = D013961

 

Thyroid Gland, Desiccated

MS = A powder preparation of dried thyroid glands after the removal of fat and connective tissue. It is a yellowish to buff-colored amorphous powder containing 0.17-0.23% of iodine.

UI = D013962

 

Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha

MS = High affinity receptors for THYROID HORMONES, especially TRIIODOTHYRONINE. These receptors are usually found in the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. They are encoded by the THRA gene (also known as NR1A1, THRA1, ERBA or ERBA1 gene) as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing.

UI = D037021

 

Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta

MS = High affinity receptors for THYROID HORMONES, especially TRIIODOTHYRONINE. These receptors are usually found in the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. They are encoded by the THRB gene (also known as NR1A2, THRB1, or ERBA2 gene) as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Mutations in the THRB gene cause THYROID HORMONE RESISTANCE SYNDROME.

UI = D037042

 

Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome

MS = An inherited syndrome of peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, characterized by increased serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, increased thyroid hormone binding ratio, and normal to slightly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone and its response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The affected persons are euthyroid to slightly hypothyroid. The absence of hypermetabolism and the presence of possible hypothyroidism indicate the existence of partial resistance to the peripheral action of thyroid hormone. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of syndromes & eponymic diseases, 1991)

AN = in euthyroid or slightly hypothyroid persons because of unresponsiveness to thyroid hormones; differentiate from EUTHYROID SICK SYNDROME where a non-thyroid disease is also present

UI = D018382

 

Thyroid Hormones

MS = Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.

AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; T3 = TRIIODOTHYRONINE; T4 = THYROXINE; /defic: consider also HYPOTHYROIDISM

UI = D013963

 

Thyroid Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); neoplastic thyroid nodule = THYROID NODULE but see note there

UI = D013964

 

Thyroid Nodule

MS = A small circumscribed mass of differentiated tissue associated with the thyroid gland. It can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic. The growth of nodules can lead to a condition of GOITER, NODULAR. Most nodules appear between the ages of 30 and 50 years and most are benign.

AN = "pathogenic or non-pathogenic", neoplastic or non-neoplastic; if neoplastic, /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D016606

 

Thyroidectomy

MS = Surgical removal of the thyroid gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D013965

 

Thyroiditis

AN = inflamm of thyroid; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics

UI = D013966

 

Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

MS = Progressive enlargement of the thyroid gland, often associated with hypothyroidism.

UI = D013967

 

Thyroiditis, Subacute

MS = Spontaneously remitting inflammatory condition of the thyroid gland characterized by fever, weakness, sore throat, and painful enlargement of the thyroid gland.

AN = remits spontaneously; do not confuse X ref DE QUERVAIN THYROIDITIS with de Quervain's dis of tendon sheath of thumb muscles ( = TENOSYNOVITIS)

UI = D013968

 

Thyroiditis, Suppurative

MS = Inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or flatworms.

AN = caused by bact, fungus, protozoon or flatworm; coord IM with specific infect causing this dis (IM)

UI = D013969

 

Thyronines

MS = A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.

UI = D013970

 

Thyrotoxicosis

MS = The clinical syndrome that reflects the response of the peripheral tissues to an excess of thyroid hormone.

AN = excessive thyroid hormones, endogenous or exogenous

UI = D013971

 

Thyrotropin

MS = A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

AN = for alpha subunit, coord with GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES, ALPHA SUBUNIT; THYROTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT is also available

UI = D013972

 

Thyrotropin, beta Subunit

MS = The beta subunit of thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin. It is a 112-amino acid glycopolypeptide of about 16 kD. Full biological activity of TSH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit.

UI = D037322

 

Thyroxine

MS = The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

AN = /blood: consider also HYPERTHYROXINEMIA

UI = D013974

 

Thyroxine-Binding Proteins

MS = A group of proteins that includes thyroxine-binding globulin, a glycoprotein that serves as the major and specific carrier of thyroxine in plasma, accounting for 70-75% of the bound thyroxine; thyroxine-binding prealbumin, an albumin that serves as the secondary carrier, accounting for between 20 and 25% of the bound thyroxine; and serum albumin, which accounts for the remaining bound thyroxine.

AN = serpins; includes also thyroxine-binding albumin in addition to X refs here

UI = D013975

 

Tiapride

MS = Benzamide derivative with dopamine antagonist actions similar to SULPIRIDE. It has been used as an antipsychotic and in the treatment of various movement disorders.

UI = D013976

 

Tibet

MS = A country of central Asia, nominally an autonomous region within Communist China. It first came under Chinese control during the Manchu dynasty in 1720 and was generally closed to foreigners until late in the nineteenth century. Tibetans are an ancient race of Mongolian type and their ruler is the Dalai Lama. Buddhism was introduced in the seventh century A.D. and most Tibetans are Buddhists. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

AN = ancient & modern

UI = D018609

 

Tibia

MS = The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.

AN = /blood supply: consider also TIBIAL ARTERIES; /inj: consider also TIBIAL FRACTURES; avoid TIBIA /metab, TIBIA /chem, etc. when BONE AND BONES /metab, etc. is meant; tibia vara: index under TIBIA (IM) + BONE DISEASES, DEVELOPMENTAL (IM)

UI = D013977

 

Tibial Arteries

MS = The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and foot. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot.

UI = D016909

 

Tibial Fractures

UI = D013978

 

Tibial Nerve

MS = The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

AN = dis = TIBIAL NEUROPATHY; neopl = TIBIAL NEUROPATHY (IM) + PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D013979

 

Tibial Neuropathy

MS = Disease of the TIBIAL NERVE (also referred to as the posterior tibial nerve). The most commonly associated condition is the TARSAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. However, LEG INJURIES; ISCHEMIA; and inflammatory conditions (e.g., COLLAGEN DISEASES) may also affect the nerve. Clinical features include PARALYSIS of plantar flexion, ankle inversion and toe flexion as well as loss of sensation over the sole of the foot. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p32)

UI = D020429

 

Tic Disorders

MS = Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany general medical conditions. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

AN = TICS is available; TIC DOULOUREUX see TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA is also available

UI = D013981

 

Ticarcillin

MS = An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to carbenicillin in action.

UI = D013982

 

Tick Control

MS = Chemical, biological, or medical measures designed to prevent the spread of ticks or the concomitant infestations which result in tick-borne diseases. It includes the veterinary as well as the public health aspects of tick and mite control.

AN = chemicals killing or controlling ticks are indexed under INSECTICIDES, not PESTICIDES even though ticks are not insects; mite control can go here as MITES (IM) + TICK CONTROL (IM)

UI = D013983

 

Tick Infestations

MS = Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.

UI = D013984

 

Tick Paralysis

MS = Paralysis caused by a neurotropic toxin secreted by the salivary glands of ticks.

AN = paralysis caused by tick bite; see note under TICKS

UI = D013985

 

Tick Toxicoses

MS = Toxicoses caused by toxic substances secreted by the salivary glands of ticks; include tick paralysis (neurotropic toxin), sweating sickness (dermotropic toxin), and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus toxicosis (leukotropic toxin).

AN = see note under TICKS

UI = D013986

 

Tick-Borne Diseases

MS = Bacterial, viral, or parasitic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected ticks. The families Ixodidae and Argasidae contain many bloodsucking species that are important pests of man and domestic birds and mammals and probably exceed all other arthropods in the number and variety of disease agents they transmit. Many of the tick-borne diseases are zoonotic.

AN = can be bacterial, viral or protozoan; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; for GEN articles specifying type, coord IM with GEN organism/infect term (IM), as "tick-borne arbovirus diseases" = TICK-BORNE DISEASES (IM) + ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D017282

 

Ticks

MS = Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)

AN = tick bites = TICKS + BITES AND STINGS, not TICK TOXICOSES nor TICK PARALYSIS unless toxicoses or paralysis results; tick vectors = ARACHNID VECTORS (IM) + TICKS (IM); infection = TICK INFESTATIONS; for chemicals for killing or controlling ticks use INSECTICIDES even though ticks are not insects

UI = D013987

 

Ticlopidine

MS = Ticlopidine is an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The drug has been found to significantly reduce infarction size in acute myocardial infarcts and is an effective antithrombotic agent in arteriovenous fistulas, aorto-coronary bypass grafts, ischemic heart disease, venous thrombosis, and arteriosclerosis.

UI = D013988

 

Ticrynafen

MS = A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.

UI = D013989

 

Tics

MS = Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)

AN = TIC DISORDERS is available

UI = D020323

 

Tidal Volume

MS = The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

AN = NIM; in texts as TV or Vt

UI = D013990

 

Tietze's Syndrome

MS = Idiopathic painful nonsuppurative swellings of one or more costal cartilages, especially of the second rib. The anterior chest pain may mimic that of coronary artery disease. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

AN = painful swelling of rib cartilage

UI = D013991

 

Tight Junctions

MS = Cell-cell junctions that seal adjacent epithelial cells together, preventing the passage of most dissolved molecules from one side of the epithelial sheet to the other. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pG-22)

AN = a type of intercellular junction; A 11 qualif except /cytol /transpl; /genet permitted

UI = D019108

 

Tilapia

MS = A freshwater fish used as an experimental organism and for food. This genus of the family Cichlidae (CICHLIDS) inhabits Central and South America (one species extends north into Texas), West Indies, Africa, Madagascar, Syria, and coastal India.

AN = TILAPIA NILOTICA and NILE TILAPIA see CICHLIDS are also available

UI = D017210

 

Tiletamine

MS = Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.

UI = D013992

 

Tilia

MS = A plant genus of the family TILIACEAE. Some species in this genus are called Limetree which is nearly the same as the common name for lime (CITRUS AURANTIIFOLIA). Some people are allergic to the POLLEN.

AN = Lime citrus fruit see CITRUS AURANTIIFOLIA is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032384

 

Tiliaceae

MS = A plant family of the order Malvales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029646

 

Tilidine

MS = An opioid analgesic used similarly to MORPHINE in the control of moderate to severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1097)

UI = D013993

 

Tillandsia

MS = A plant genus of the family BROMELIACEAE. Members contain 3-methoxy-5-hydroxyflavonols.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031232

 

Tilorone

MS = An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.

UI = D013994

 

Tilt-Table Test

MS = Tilt tables are used to maintain a head-down body posture during testing of cardiac response to identify patients with a vasodepressive or cardioinhibitory response as a cause of syncope. (From Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed, p621)

AN = in test of cardiac function

UI = D018667

 

Time

AN = IM as the abstraction; no qualif; do not confuse with TIME FACTORS, the NIM coord aspect of a given subject; "diurnal" & "nocturnal": consider preferably CIRCADIAN RHYTHM

UI = D013995

 

Time and Motion Studies

MS = The observation and analysis of movements in a task with an emphasis on the amount of time required to perform the task.

AN = no qualif; DF: TIME STUDIES

UI = D013996

 

Time Factors

MS = Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

AN = NIM coord of a given subject (IM); no qualif; do not confuse with TIME, the abstraction (usually IM); differentiate from AGE FACTORS: Manual 35.5.3; "diurnal" & "nocturnal": see note on TIME

UI = D013997

 

Time Management

MS = Planning and control of time to improve efficiency and effectiveness.

UI = D017748

 

Time Perception

MS = The ability to estimate periods of time lapsed or duration of time.

UI = D013998

 

Timolol

MS = A beta-adrenergic antagonist similar in action to PROPRANOLOL. The levo-isomer is the more active. Timolol has been proposed as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antiangina, and antiglaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of migraine and tremor.

UI = D013999

 

Tin

MS = A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.

AN = a trace element; Sn-118; Sn-112, 114-117, 119, 122, 124 = TIN (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Sn-108-111, 113, 120, 121, 123, 125-128 = TIN RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D014001

 

Tin Compounds

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule.

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: TIN CPDS

UI = D017971

 

Tin Fluorides

MS = Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluoride (tin difluoride). The latter is used in the prevention of dental caries.

AN = X ref STANNOUS FLUORIDE used in dent caries prev

UI = D014002

 

Tin Polyphosphates

MS = Poly or pyrophosphates of tin. In conjunction with radioactive technetium these compounds are used as bone-scanning agents and in scintigraphy to diagnose myocardial and cerebral infarction.

UI = D014003

 

Tin Radioisotopes

MS = Unstable isotopes of tin that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Sn atoms with atomic weights 108-111, 113, 120-121, 123 and 125-128 are tin radioisotopes.

AN = Sn-108-111, 113, 120-121, 123, 125-128; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)

UI = D014004

 

Tinea

MS = A general term describing various dermatophytoses. Specific types include TINEA CAPITIS (ringworm of the scalp), TINEA FAVOSA (of scalp and skin), TINEA PEDIS (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium (see ONYCHOMYCOSIS, ringworm of the nails). (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = the disease ringworm: do not confuse with TAENIA, tapeworm; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics

UI = D014005

 

Tinea Capitis

MS = Ringworm of the scalp caused by species of Microsporum and Trichophyton, which may occasionally involve the eyebrows and eyelashes. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = ringworm of the scalp; do not coord with SCALP or SCALP DERMATOSES

UI = D014006

 

Tinea Favosa

MS = A disease of the scalp that may affect the glabrous skin and the nails and is recognized by the concave sulfur-yellow crusts that form around loose, wiry hairs. Atrophy ensues, leaving a smooth, glossy, thin, paper-white patch. This type of disease is rare in the United States and more frequently seen in the Middle East, Africa, Southeastern Europe, and other countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p319)

AN = ringworm of the scalp; caused by Trichophyton schoenleini

UI = D014007

 

Tinea Pedis

MS = Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.

AN = do not coord with FOOT or FOOT DERMATOSES

UI = D014008

 

Tinea Versicolor

MS = A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions, and is caused by Pityrosporon orbiculare. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = caused by PITYROSPORUM ORBICULARE see MALASSEZIA

UI = D014010

 

Tinidazole

MS = A nitroimidazole antitrichomonal agent effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia infections.

UI = D014011

 

Tinnitus

MS = A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.

UI = D014012

 

Tinospora

MS = A plant genus of the family MENISPERMACEAE. Members have been used in AYURVEDIC MEDICINE. Hyporglycemic effect has been reported.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031610

 

Tiron

MS = A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D014013

 

Tissue Adhesives

MS = Substances used to cause adherence of tissue to tissue or tissue to non-tissue surfaces, as for prostheses.

AN = IM; coord with specific substance used as adhesive if pertinent (IM); D25-26 qualif

UI = D014014

 

Tissue Banks

MS = Centers for acquiring, characterizing, and storing organs or tissue for future use.

AN = GEN or unspecified for tissues or organs: prefer specifics; coord IM with specific organ or tissue (IM)

UI = D014015

 

Tissue Conditioning (Dental)

MS = The use of a treatment material (tissue conditioner) to re-establish tone and health to irritated oral soft tissue, usually applied to the edentulous alveolar ridge.

AN = DF: TISSUE CONDITIONING

UI = D014016

 

Tissue Culture

MS = Maintaining or growing of tissue, organ primordia, or the whole or part of an organ in vitro so as to preserve its architecture and/or function (Dorland, 28th ed). Tissue culture includes both ORGAN CULTURE and CELL CULTURE.

AN = NIM; Manual 18.7.2-.3, 22.26.1, 26.23+; ORGAN CULTURE & CELL CULTURE are also available

UI = D014017

 

Tissue Distribution

MS = Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

AN = distrib of drugs or chem in organs & tissues; GEN only: not a substitute for organ /metab or organ /chem; never IM; coord NIM with substance /pharmacokin (IM) or /metab (IM)

UI = D014018

 

Tissue Donors

MS = Individuals suppling living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

AN = semen or sperm donors: coord IM with SEMEN (IM) or SPERMATOZOA (IM); consider also INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL, HOMOLOGOUS (husband) (IM) or INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL, HETEROLOGOUS (non-husband) (IM)

UI = D014019

 

Tissue Embedding

MS = The technique of placing cells or tissue in a supporting medium so that thin sections can be cut using a microtome. The medium can be paraffin wax (PARAFFIN EMBEDDING) or plastics (PLASTIC EMBEDDING) such as epoxy resins.

AN = embedding of cells or tissue in a supporting medium

UI = D016610

 

Tissue Engineering

MS = Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. A cell culture facility is required for cell harvest and expansion.

UI = D023822

 

Tissue Expanders

MS = Inflatable reservoirs, usually made of silicone, which are implanted subcutaneously in order to generate tissue needed for surgical reconstruction. After implantation, the reservoir is inflated over several weeks by percutaneous injection of fluid. Once the tissue has grown, the expander is surgically removed and the expanded skin is used to cover the area being reconstructed.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D015625

 

Tissue Expansion

MS = Process whereby tissue adjacent to a soft tissue defect is expanded by means of a subcutaneously implanted reservoir. The procedure is used in reconstructive surgery for injuries caused by trauma, burns, or ablative surgery.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D015626

 

Tissue Extracts

MS = Preparations made from animal tissues or organs; they usually contain many components, any one of which may be pharmacologically or physiologically active; extracts may contain specific, but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific actions.

AN = extracts of organs or tissues or their fractions containing uncharacterized factors; do not confuse with chemical substances "extracted" from tissues, as "peptides extracted from mouse tissue" ( = PEPTIDES /anal + organ or tissue /chem)

UI = D014020

 

Tissue Fixation

MS = The technique of using FIXATIVES in the preparation of cytologic, histologic, or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all the constituent elements.

UI = D016707

 

Tissue Harvesting

MS = The removal of organs or tissue for reuse, for example, for transplantation.

AN = sperm collection goes here

UI = D020858

 

Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases

MS = A family of secreted proteins (TIMP-1; TIMP-2; and TIMP-3) that play a crucial role in regulating the activity of the secreted METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES (COLLAGENASES; stromelysins, GELATINASES). Of the three characterized, only TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 appear to have related primary structures and inhibitory properties. They influence the activation of the prometalloproteinase and act to modulate proteolysis of extracellular matrix, notably during tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes. On certain cell types, they can exhibit growth factor-like activity, and they can inhibit the tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype in cancer cells. (Pharmacol Ther 1993;59:329-41)

AN = a family of protease inhibitors; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: TIMP

UI = D019714

 

Tissue Inhibitor of-Metalloproteinase-3

MS = A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a 21 kD, nonglycosylated protein. TIMP-3 does not show a high degree of structural similarity unlike TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 which are structurally similar. However, it does possess a high degree of structural similarity with that of chicken TIMP-3 (ChIMP-3). Human TIMP-3 is of particular concern because of its potential role in cancer, arthritis, and eye diseases.

AN = DF: note short X ref

UI = D019717

 

Tissue Inhibitor-of Metalloproteinase-2

MS = A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a 21 kD nonglycosylated protein found in tissue fluid and is secreted as a complex with progelatinase A by human fibroblast and uncomplexed from alveolar macrophages. An overexpression of TIMP-2 has been shown to inhibit invasive and metastatic activity of tumor cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo.

AN = DF: note short X ref

UI = D019716

 

Tissue Kallikreins

MS = A family of trpysin-like SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that are expressed in a variety of cell types including human prostate epithelial cells. They are formed from tissue prokallikrein by action with TRYPSIN. They are highly similar to PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN. EC 3.4.21.35.

AN = do not confuse PROSTATE SPECIFIC KALLIKREIN with PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN

UI = D020840

 

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

MS = A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to PLASMIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from URINARY PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases. EC 3.4.21.68.

AN = DF: TTPA

UI = D010959

 

Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

MS = Serological tumor marker composed of a molecular complex of cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19. It is used in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.

UI = D019396

 

Tissue Preservation

MS = The process by which a tissue or aggregate of cells is kept alive outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; cryopreservation of tissue: coord specific tissue heading (no qualif) + CRYOPRESERVATION; ORGAN PRESERVATION is also available

UI = D014021

 

Tissue Survival

MS = The span of viability of a tissue or an organ.

AN = viability of organs & tissues goes here

UI = D014022

 

Tissue Therapy

MS = Historically, tissue transplantation, especially of refrigerated tissue (after Filatov). It was theorized that nonspecific substances, capable of initiating restorative processes, formed in tissues when refrigerated. Cell therapy (after Niehans) refers to implantation of tissue by injection. Originally this involved fresh cells but later frozen or lyophilized cells.

AN = historical; for contemporary cell or tissue therapy prefer CELL TRANSPLANTATION or TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION

UI = D014023

 

Tissue Transplantation

MS = Transference of tissue within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

AN = GEN & unspecified only: prefer /transpl with tissues (Manual 19.7+, 19.8.75) but many specific precoord tissue/transpl terms are available; available also are several types of technical transpl terms (e.g., TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS); immunol of tissue transpl = TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY; DF: TISSUE TRANSPL

UI = D016378

 

Tissue-Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1

MS = A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a N-glycosylated protein, molecular weight 28 kD, produced by a vast range of cell types and found in a variety of tissues and body fluids. It has been shown to suppress metastasis and inhibit tumor invasion in vitro.

AN = DF: note short X ref

UI = D019715

 

Tissues

MS = Collections of cells organized in a cooperative arrangement for the purpose of performing a particular function.

AN = not used for indexing

UI = D014024

 

Titanium

MS = A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = Ti-48; Ti-46, 47, 49, 50 = TITANIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Ti-43-45, 51 = TITANIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D014025

 

Titrimetry

MS = Chemical analysis by titration, the determination of a given component in solution by addition of a liquid reagent of known strength until a given endpoint (e.g., a change in color) is reached.

AN = an anal chem technique; GEN & unspecified: prefer specifics; NIM

UI = D017186

 

Tobacco

MS = The toxic solanaceous American plant Nicotiana tabacum. It yields NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for smoking.

AN = as plant & for smoking ( = SMOKING), sniffing ( = SNUFF see TOBACCO, SMOKELESS) & chewing ( = CHEWING TOBACCO see TOBACCO, SMOKELESS)

UI = D014026

 

Tobacco Industry

MS = The aggregate business enterprise of agriculture, manufacture, and distribution related to tobacco and tobacco-derived products.

AN = SPEC; SPEC qualif; DF: TOBACCO INDUST

UI = D019460

 

Tobacco mosaic satellite virus

MS = A spherical RNA satellite virus which requires an obligatory helper TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS for replication.

UI = D019400

 

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

MS = The type species of TOBAMOVIRUS which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation.

AN = a species of plant virus; coord IM with TOBACCO /virol (IM or NIM)

UI = D014027

 

Tobacco necrosis satellite virus

MS = An icosahedral RNA satellite virus which requires an obligatory Tobacco necrosis virus (see NECROVIRUS) for its replication.

UI = D025641

 

Tobacco Smoke Pollution

MS = Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.

AN = note X ref PASSIVE SMOKING; disease caused by passive smoking = disease /etiol, not /chem ind

UI = D014028

 

Tobacco Use Cessation

MS = Cessation of the habit of using tobacco products for smoking or chewing, including the use of snuff.

AN = SMOKING CESSATION is also available

UI = D020340

 

Tobacco Use Disorder

MS = Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.

AN = includes cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco & snuff; a psychiatric diag: do not confuse with SMOKING /adv eff; note X ref NICOTINE DEPENDENCE: do not coord with NICOTINE unless nicotine is substantially discussed as a chemical

UI = D014029

 

Tobacco, Smokeless

MS = The powdered leaves of Nicotiana tabacum which are either inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D014030

 

Tobamovirus

MS = A genus of plant viruses in which the virion is a rigid filament. Transmission is by mechanical inoculation or seed. The type species is TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS.

AN = a genus of mosaic viruses of which TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS is the type species; from TOBAcco MOsaic virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)

UI = D017898

 

Tobramycin

MS = An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the Pseudomonas species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.

UI = D014031

 

Tocainide

MS = An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of sodium channels.

UI = D016677

 

Tocolysis

MS = Any drug treatment modality designed to inhibit uterine contractions in pregnant women at risk for preterm labor.

AN = check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; "tokolysis": translate as "tocolysis"

UI = D015145

 

Tocolytic Agents

MS = Drugs that prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions. Agents used to delay premature uterine activity include magnesium sulfate, beta-mimetics, oxytocin antagonists, calcium channel inhibitors, and adrenergic beta-receptor agonists. The use of intravenous alcohol as a tocolytic is now obsolete.

AN = suppress uterine contractions to prevent preterm labor & premature birth

UI = D015149

 

Tocopherols

MS = A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.

AN = /defic: coord IM with VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY (IM)

UI = D024505

 

Tocotrienols

MS = Natural analogs of TOCOPHEROLS exhibiting antioxidant activity. These tocol derivatives and isomers contain a benzopyran ring and an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain.

AN = /defic: coord IM with VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY (IM)

UI = D024508

 

Todralazine

MS = An antihypertensive agent with both central and peripheral action; it has some central nervous system depressant effects.

UI = D014032

 

Toe Joint

MS = The articulation between the head of one phalanx and the base of the one distal to it, in each toe.

AN = TN 117: use for human & other vertebrates: Manual 21.58; TN 238: differentiation from TOES & indexing instructions

UI = D014033

 

Toes

AN = TN 117: use for human & other vertebrates; TN 238: differentiation from TOE JOINT & indexing instructions; NIM when merely locational as in FOOT DERMATOSES (IM)

UI = D014034

 

Togaviridae

MS = A family of RNA viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of two genera: ALPHAVIRUS (group A arboviruses), and RUBIVIRUS. Virions are spherical, 60-70 nm in diameter, with a lipoprotein envelope tightly applied to the icosahedral nucleocapsid.

AN = "a family of RNA viruses, mainly arboviruses"; infection = TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS

UI = D014035

 

Togaviridae Infections

MS = Virus diseases caused by the TOGAVIRIDAE.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D014036

 

Togo

MS = A republic in western Africa, lying between GHANA on its west and BENIN on its east. Its capital is Lome. Togo was the eastern part of the German protectorate of Togoland from 1884 until it was captured by Anglo-French forces in 1914. It became an autonomous republic within the French Union in 1956, achieving independence in 1960. The country probably derives its name from Lake Togo, to (water) + go (edge or shore). (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1216 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p548)

AN = a republic in western Africa

UI = D014037

 

Toilet Facilities

MS = Facilities provided for human excretion, often with accompanying handwashing facilities.

AN = includes bed pans, urinals, commodes, etc.

UI = D014038

 

Toilet Training

MS = Conditioning to defecate and urinate in culturally acceptable places.

AN = no qualif

UI = D014039

 

Token Economy

MS = A practice whereby tokens representing money, toys, candy, etc., are given as secondary reinforcers contingent upon certain desired behaviors or performances.

AN = no qualif

UI = D014040

 

Tokyo

UI = D014041

 

Tolazamide

MS = A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.

UI = D014042

 

Tolazoline

MS = A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

UI = D014043

 

Tolbutamide

MS = A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)

UI = D014044

 

Tolmetin

MS = A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.

UI = D014046

 

Tolnaftate

MS = A synthetic antifungal agent.

UI = D014047

 

Tolonium Chloride

MS = A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D014048

 

Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

MS = An idiopathic syndrome characterized by the formation of granulation tissue in the anterior cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, producing a painful ophthalmoplegia. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p271)

UI = D020333

 

Tolperisone

MS = A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)

UI = D014049

 

Toluene

MS = A widely used industrial solvent.

UI = D014050

 

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate

MS = Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.

UI = D014051

 

Toluidines

UI = D014052

 

Tomatine

MS = An alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)

UI = D014053

 

Tombusviridae

MS = A family of RNA plant viruses infecting dicotyledons. Transmission is mainly by mechanical inoculation and through propagative plant material. All species elicit formation of multivesicular inclusion bodies. There are at least eight genera: Aureusvirus, Avenavirus, CARMOVIRUS, Dianthovirus, Machlomovirus, Necrovirus, Panicovirus, and TOMBUSVIRUS.

AN = coord IM with specific plant /virol

UI = D019183

 

Tombusvirus

MS = A genus of plant viruses that infects ANGIOSPERMS. Transmission occurs mechanically and through soil, with one species transmitted via a fungal vector. The type species is Tomato bushy stunt virus.

AN = coord IM with specific plant /virol

UI = D017864

 

Tomography

MS = Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; used for non-x-ray & non-radionuclide tomographies; echotomography seen in foreign lit is probably ULTRASONOGRAPHY & if so use "ultrasonics" or "ultrasonic diagnosis" or "ultrasonography" in translations & not "echotomography"; DF: TOMOGR

UI = D014054

 

Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed

MS = X-ray image-detecting devices that make a focused image of body structures lying in a predetermined plane from which more complex images are computed.

AN = DF: CT SCANNERS X RAY

UI = D015898

 

Tomography, Emission-Computed

MS = Tomography using emissions from radionuclides and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

AN = uses radionuclides & computer: do not confuse with TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED using x-rays & computer; "computed tomography" unspecified is probably TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: note short X ref

UI = D014055

 

Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

MS = A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

AN = uses radionuclides & computer; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: CT SINGLE PHOTON EMISS but note shorter X ref: SPECT

UI = D015899

 

Tomography, Spiral Computed

MS = Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported through a rotating fan beam. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures.

UI = D036542

 

Tomography, X-Ray

MS = Tomography using x-ray transmission.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: TOMOGR X RAY

UI = D014056

 

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

MS = Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

AN = uses x-rays & computer: do not confuse with TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED using radionuclides & computer; "computed tomography" unspecified probably goes here; /instrum: consider also TOMOGRAPHY SCANNERS, X-RAY COMPUTED; DF: CT XRAY

UI = D014057

 

Tonga

MS = An archipelago in Polynesia in the southwest Pacific Ocean, comprising about 150 islands. It is a kingdom whose capital is Nukualofa. It was discovered by the Dutch in 1616, visited by Tasman in 1643, and by Captain Cook in 1773 and 1777. The modern kingdom was established during the reign of King George Tupou I, 1845-93. It became a British protectorate in 1900 and gained independence in 1970. The name Tonga may be of local origin, meaning either island or holy. Its other name, Friendly Islands, was given by Captain Cook from the welcome given him by the natives. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1219 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p549)

AN = an island group in Polynesia

UI = D014058

 

Tongue

AN = /surg: consider GLOSSECTOMY; /transpl permitted for tongue grafts as in palate surg; inflammation = GLOSSITIS; tongue thrust: index under TONGUE HABITS; painful or sore tongue = GLOSSALGIA; scrotal tongue = TONGUE, FISSURED

UI = D014059

 

Tongue Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = GLOSSITIS

UI = D014060

 

Tongue Habits

MS = Acquired responses regularly manifested by tongue movement or positioning.

UI = D014061

 

Tongue Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D014062

 

Tongue, Fissured

UI = D014063

 

Tongue, Hairy

MS = A benign condition of the tongue characterized by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae that give the dorsum of the tongue a furry appearance. The color of the elongated papillae varies from yellowish white to brown or black, depending upon staining by substances such as tobacco, food, or drugs. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = hairy refers to appearance of hypertrophied papillae on tongue

UI = D014064

 

Tonic Pupil

MS = A pupillary abnormality characterized by a poor pupillary light reaction, reduced accommodation, iris sector palsies, an enhanced pupillary response to near effort that results in a prolonged, "tonic" constriction, and slow pupillary redilation. This condition is associated with injury to the postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. (From Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, pp492-500)

UI = D015845

 

Tonometry

MS = Measurement of ocular tension with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

AN = restrict to measurement of intraocular pressure: "tonometry" in foreign lit may refer to measurement of non-ocular tension or pressure ( = MANOMETRY); do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014065

 

Tonsil

MS = A round-to-oval mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the PHARYNX situated on each side of the fauces, between the anterior and posterior pillars of the soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).

AN = /surg: probably TONSILLECTOMY; inflammation = TONSILLITIS (note -LL-); lingual tonsils = TONSIL (IM) + TONGUE (NIM); pharyngeal tonsil = ADENOIDS; enlarged tonsils = TONSIL /pathol (IM) + HYPERPLASIA (NIM)

UI = D014066

 

Tonsillar Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the TONSIL.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D014067

 

Tonsillectomy

MS = Surgical removal of a tonsil or tonsils. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; post-tonsillectomy hemorrh = HEMORRHAGE + POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, not HEMORRHAGE, ORAL

UI = D014068

 

Tonsillitis

MS = Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. It is often caused by a bacterium. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.

AN = coord IM with infection (IM) if specified; lingual tonsillitis: coord IM with TONGUE (NIM)

UI = D014069

 

Tooth

AN = /embryol: consider also TOOTH GERM & ODONTOGENESIS; /ph permitted but consider DENTAL PHYSIOLOGY for function of dentition as a whole; tooth size & dimension = TOOTH /anat (IM) + ODONTOMETRY (NIM); permanent tooth = TOOTH, deciduous tooth = TOOTH, DECIDUOUS; tooth pain = TOOTHACHE; tooth avulsion or luxation = TOOTH AVULSION; tooth socket: index under ALVEOLAR PROCESS; tooth sensitivity = DENTIN SENSITIVITY

UI = D014070

 

Tooth Abnormalities

MS = Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth.

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; duplication of teeth = TOOTH, SUPERNUMERARY; abnorm in congen syphilis = HUTCHINSON'S TEETH see SYPHILIS, CONGENITAL; X ref ODONTOME (a form of developmental dental anomaly): do not confuse with ODONTOMA

UI = D014071

 

Tooth Abrasion

MS = The pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes. It is differentiated from TOOTH ATTRITION in that this type of wearing away is the result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It differs also from TOOTH EROSION, the progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes not involving bacterial action. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p2)

AN = loss of substance caused by friction: differentiate from TOOTH ATTRITION (wearing away by tooth-to-tooth contact like mastication) & TOOTH EROSION (loss of substance by chemical action without bact action)

UI = D014072

 

Tooth Ankylosis

MS = Solid fixation of a tooth resulting from fusion of the cementum and alveolar bone, with obliteration of the periodontal ligament. It is uncommon in the deciduous dentition and very rare in permanent teeth. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

UI = D020254

 

Tooth Apex

MS = The tip or terminal end of the root of a tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p62)

AN = dis: coord IM with TOOTH DISEASES (IM); /surg: consider also APICOECTOMY; apical foramen goes here

UI = D019227

 

Tooth Attrition

MS = The wearing away of a tooth as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It is chiefly associated with aging. It is differentiated from TOOTH ABRASION (the pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by friction, as brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes) and from TOOTH EROSION (the loss of substance caused by chemical action without bacterial action). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p86)

AN = result of tooth-to-tooth contact as in mastication: do not confuse with TOOTH EROSION (result of chem action without bact action) or TOOTH ABRASION (loss of substance from friction like bruxism): read MeSH definitions

UI = D019217

 

Tooth Avulsion

MS = Partial or complete displacement of a tooth from its alveolar support. It is commonly the result of trauma. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p312)

AN = partial or complete displacement of tooth from socket; coord IM with specific tooth /inj (IM)

UI = D014084

 

Tooth Bleaching

MS = The use of a chemical oxidizing agent (sometimes in combination with heat) to lighten tooth discolorations. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p34)

AN = to lighten tooth discoloration

UI = D014073

 

Tooth Calcification

MS = The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the development of bones and teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p43)

AN = the physiol process; hypocalcification is probably indexed under AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA or DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA

UI = D014074

 

Tooth Cervix

MS = The constricted part of the tooth at the junction of the crown and root or roots. It is often referred to as the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), the line at which the cementum covering the root of a tooth and the enamel of the tooth meet. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p530, p433)

AN = IM; coord with specific tooth (IM) if pertinent; DF: note short X ref

UI = D019237

 

Tooth Components

MS = The anatomical components of a tooth, its tissues, and correlated parts.

AN = not used for indexing

UI = D019589

 

Tooth Crown

MS = The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)

AN = anatomical crown: do not confuse with CROWNS or its X ref DENTAL CROWNS (Cat E6), prosthetic restorations; coord IM with specific tooth (IM) if pertinent

UI = D019228

 

Tooth Demineralization

MS = A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.

AN = a tooth dis; white spots or white lesions do not go here: note WHITE SPOTS see DENTAL CARIES

UI = D017001

 

Tooth Discoloration

MS = Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)

AN = external staining or staining within pulp; from any cause; coord IM with cause if pertinent (IM or NIM); do not confuse with FLUOROSIS, DENTAL (C7: occurring during tooth calcification)

UI = D014075

 

Tooth Diseases

AN = GEN: prefer specifics

UI = D014076

 

Tooth Erosion

MS = Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)

AN = loss of substance caused by chem action without bact action: differentiate from TOOTH ABRASION (loss of substance caused by friction) & TOOTH ATTRITION (wearing away through tooth-to-tooth contact)

UI = D014077

 

Tooth Eruption

UI = D014078

 

Tooth Eruption, Ectopic

AN = note category

UI = D014079

 

Tooth Exfoliation

MS = Physiologic loss of the primary dentition. (Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

AN = use Cat C qualif

UI = D014080

 

Tooth Extraction

MS = The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = SERIAL EXTRACTION is available as orthodontic proced for sequential removal of teeth over a period of years

UI = D014081

 

Tooth Fractures

MS = Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.

AN = coord IM with specific tooth /inj (IM)

UI = D014082

 

Tooth Germ

MS = The collective tissues from which an entire tooth is formed, including the DENTAL SAC; ENAMEL ORGAN; and DENTAL PAPILLA. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

AN = /embryol: consider also ODONTOGENESIS

UI = D014083

 

Tooth Injuries

MS = Traumatic or other damage to teeth including fractures (TOOTH FRACTURES) or displacements (TOOTH LUXATION).

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer /inj with specific tooth, as CUSPID /inj; also available are TOOTH FRACTURES & TOOTH AVULSION; DF: TOOTH INJ

UI = D018677

 

Tooth Loss

MS = The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.

AN = from dis or inj; note category

UI = D016388

 

Tooth Migration

AN = movement to another position along the line of the dental arch (alveolar process): do not confuse with TOOTH MOBILITY; use Cat C qualif

UI = D014085

 

Tooth Mobility

MS = Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)

AN = physiol mobility of deciduous teeth or pathol mobility of permanent teeth in periodontal dis or trauma; use Cat C qualif; do not confuse with TOOTH MOVEMENT (an orthodontic procedure)

UI = D014086

 

Tooth Movement

MS = Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth.

AN = note category: "orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth"; do not confuse with TOOTH MIGRATION or TOOTH MOBILITY; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014087

 

Tooth Permeability

UI = D014088

 

Tooth Preparation

MS = Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with specific dental procedure (IM)

UI = D019246

 

Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic

MS = The selected form given to a natural tooth when it is reduced by instrumentation to receive a prosthesis (e.g., artificial crown or a retainer for a fixed or removable prosthesis). The selection of the form is guided by clinical circumstances and physical properties of the materials that make up the prosthesis. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239)

AN = restrict to prep procedures for prostheses; DENTAL CAVITY PREPARATION (for fillings & inlays) & ROOT CANAL PREPARATION are also available

UI = D019231

 

Tooth Remineralization

MS = Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth.

AN = note category: replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth

UI = D014089

 

Tooth Replantation

MS = Reinsertion of a tooth into the alveolus from which it was removed or otherwise lost.

AN = differentiate from DENTAL IMPLANTATION: see note there; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014090

 

Tooth Resorption

MS = Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)

AN = resorpt of calcified dent tissue; only Cat C qualif

UI = D014091

 

Tooth Root

MS = The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)

AN = dis: coord IM with TOOTH DISEASES (IM); root fract or radicular fract: index under TOOTH ROOT /inj (IM) + TOOTH FRACTURES (IM); dilaceration of root: index under TOOTH ROOT /abnorm; TOOTH APEX is available

UI = D014092

 

Tooth Socket

MS = A hollow part of the alveolar process of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE where each tooth fits and is attached via the peridontal ligament.

UI = D020390

 

Tooth, Artificial

MS = A fabricated tooth substituting for a natural tooth in a prosthesis. It is usually made of porcelain or plastic.

UI = D014093

 

Tooth, Deciduous

MS = The 20 teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth, usually by the age of six years. All deciduous teeth are normally expected to erupt by the age of two and a half years.

AN = do not confuse with DENTITION, DECIDUOUS see DENTITION, PRIMARY: see note there

UI = D014094

 

Tooth, Impacted

MS = A tooth that is prevented from erupting by a physical barrier, usually other teeth. Impaction may also result from orientation of the tooth in an other than vertical position in the periodontal structures.

AN = do not confuse with TOOTH, UNERUPTED

UI = D014095

 

Tooth, Nonvital

MS = A tooth from which the dental pulp has been removed or is necrotic. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

AN = a devitalized tooth: note X ref

UI = D019553

 

Tooth, Supernumerary

MS = An extra tooth, erupted or unerupted, resembling or unlike the other teeth in the group to which it belongs. Its presence may cause malposition of adjacent teeth or prevent their eruption.

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; may refer to erupted or unerupted tooth: if erupted do not use TOOTH ERUPTION; if unerupted coord IM with TOOTH, UNERUPTED (NIM)

UI = D014096

 

Tooth, Unerupted

MS = A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group.

AN = note categories; do not confuse with TOOTH, IMPACTED

UI = D014097

 

Toothache

MS = Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.

UI = D014098

 

Toothbrushing

MS = The act of cleaning teeth with a brush to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay. (From Webster, 3d ed)

AN = restrict to brushing with a toothbrush: see note at DENTAL DEVICES, HOME CARE

UI = D014099

 

Toothpaste

MS = A dentifrice in paste form; usually contains binder, humectant, an abrasive, a detergent, flavoring agent and often caries preventives, anti-infective agents or other medicaments.

UI = D014100

 

Topography, Medical

MS = The systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence health and disease. Often associated with Hippocrates, the process became a significant part of public health investigation and epidemiological methodology, particularly between the 17th and 19th centuries. Medical topography should be differentiated from EPIDEMIOLOGY in that the former emphasizes geography whereas the latter emphasizes disease outbreaks. (Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)

AN = an aspect of med geog: do not use for anatomical topogr ( = organ /anat); coord IM with specific dis /epidemiol (IM) or med or physiol aspect (IM) + specific geog locale; no qualif unless as SPEC; DF: TOPOGR MED

UI = D019371

 

Topotecan

MS = An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.

UI = D019772

 

Toremifene

MS = A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.

UI = D017312

 

Torovirus

MS = A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE characterized by enveloped, peplomer-bearing particles containing an elongated tubular nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. Toroviruses have been found in association with enteric infections in horses (Berne virus), cattle (Breda virus), swine, and humans. Transmission probably takes place via the fecal-oral route.

AN = infection = TOROVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D017003

 

Torovirus Infections

MS = Infections with viruses of the genus TOROVIRUS, family CORONAVIRIDAE.

AN = caused by a member of the family Coronaviridae

UI = D018176

 

Torpedo

MS = A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.

AN = do not confuse X ref ELECTRIC RAYS with RAYS (FISH) see SKATES (FISH)

UI = D014101

 

Torque

MS = About an axis, the product of a force and the distance of its line of action from the axis. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)

AN = a principle of mechanics; not restricted to space flight

UI = D019415

 

Torsades de Pointes

MS = A ventricular tachycardia characterized by periodic twisting of the points of the QRS complexes and rates between 200 and 250 beats per minute. It may be self-limited or may progress to ventricular fibrillation.

AN = a ventric tachycardia; in transl "torsade" or "torsades" is acceptable: use word of author

UI = D016171

 

Torsion

MS = A twisting or rotation of a bodily part or member on its axis.

AN = never IM; when NIM, use any Cat C qualif pertinent; coord with organ/dis precoord (IM)

UI = D014102

 

Torticollis

MS = A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.

UI = D014103

 

Torture

MS = The intentional infliction of physical or mental suffering upon an individual or individuals, including the torture of animals.

AN = of humans or animals; physical or mental torture

UI = D014104

 

Tospovirus

MS = A genus of plant viruses in the family BUNYAVIRIDAE. Tomato spotted wilt virus is the type species. Transmission occurs by at least nine species of thrips.

AN = coord IM with specific plant /virol

UI = D017865

 

Tosyl Compounds

AN = DF: TOSYL CPDS

UI = D014105

 

Tosylarginine Methyl Ester

MS = Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4).

UI = D014106

 

Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone

MS = An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.

UI = D014107

 

Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone

MS = An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.

UI = D014108

 

Total Lung Capacity

MS = The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. It is the equivalent to each of the following sums: vital capacity plus residual volume; inspiratory capacity plus functional residual capacity; tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus functional residual capacity; tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume.

AN = NIM; DF: TOTAL LUNG CAPAC

UI = D014109

 

Total Quality Management

MS = The application of industrial management practice to systematically maintain and improve organization-wide performance. Effectiveness and success are determined and assessed by quantitative quality measures.

AN = not restricted to health care; DF: TQM

UI = D017749

 

Totipotent Stem Cells

MS = Single cells that have the potential to form an entire organism. They have the capacity to specialize into extraembryonic membranes and tissues, the embryo, and all postembryonic tissues and organs. (Stem Cells: A Primer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2000 May [cited 2002 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)

AN = MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS and PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS are also available

UI = D039901

 

Totiviridae

MS = A family of RNA viruses that infect fungi and protozoa. There are three genera: TOTIVIRUS; GIARDIAVIRUS; and LEISHMANIAVIRUS.

AN = a family of RNA viruses infecting fungi & protozoa; coord IM with specific fungus /virol (IM or NIM) or specific protozoon /virol (IM or NIM)

UI = D019196

 

Totivirus

MS = A genus of RNA fungi viruses in the family TOTIVIRIDAE. Some of the viruses contain additional satellite RNA or defective RNA. Transmission occurs during cell division, sporogenesis and cell fusion. The type species is Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A.

AN = a genus of the family Totiviridae infecting fungi; coord IM with specific fungus /virol (IM or NIM)

UI = D019197

 

Touch

MS = Sensation or perception by which contact with objects, animate or inanimate, gives evidence as to certain qualities or characteristics.

UI = D014110

 

Tourette Syndrome

MS = A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in dopamine metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)

UI = D005879

 

Tourniquets

MS = Devices for the compression of a blood vessel by application around an extremity to control the circulation and prevent the flow of blood to or from the distal area. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D014111

 

Toxaphene

MS = A very complex, but reproducible mixture of at least 177 C10 polychloro derivatives, having an approximate overall empirical formula of C10-H10-Cl8. It is used as an insecticide and may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

UI = D014112

 

Toxascariasis

MS = Infections with nematodes of the genus TOXASCARIS.

AN = an Ascaridida infect but differentiate from TOXOCARIASIS, also an Ascaridida infect

UI = D017227

 

Toxascaris

MS = An ascarid nematode found primarily in the small intestine of the larger Felidae as well as dogs and cats. It differs from TOXOCARA in that the larvae do not migrate through the lungs. It does occasionally produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL) in man, although more rarely than does Toxocara.

AN = a genus of nematodes; do not confuse with TOXOCARA, also a nematode genus; infection = TOXASCARIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014114

 

Toxemia

MS = A generalized intoxication produced by toxins and other substances elaborated by an infectious agent.

UI = D014115

 

Toxicity Tests

MS = An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; used for tests of drugs, food, environ pollutants, etc.; when the test itself is emphasized; coord IM with substance /tox (IM); toxic eff of a specific substance = specific substance /tox; DF: TOX TESTS

UI = D018675

 

Toxicity Tests, Chronic

MS = Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of a long-term exposure to a chemical or chemicals.

UI = D036401

 

Toxicodendron

MS = A genus (formerly part of Rhus genus) of shrubs, vines, or trees that yields a highly allergenic oleoresin which causes a severe contact dermatitis (DERMATITIS, TOXICODENDRON). The most toxic species are Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac), T. diversilobum (poison oak), and T. radicans (poison ivy). T. vernicifera yields a useful varnish from which certain enzymes (laccases) are obtained.

AN = DERMATITIS, TOXICODENDRON is available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D012251

 

Toxicology

MS = The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and biological action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations.

AN = SPEC only: prefer /adv eff-pois-tox with specific D terms: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.73, 19.9+; DF: TOXICOL

UI = D014116

 

Toxiferine

MS = A curare alkaloid that is a very potent competitive nicotinic antagonist at the neuromuscular junction.

AN = a neuromusc nondepolarizing agent

UI = D014117

 

Toxins

MS = Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D014118

 

Toxocara

MS = A genus of ascarid nematodes commonly parasitic in the intestines of cats and dogs.

AN = a genus of nematodes common in cat & dog intestine but TOXOCARA CANIS is available; do not confuse with TOXASCARIS, also a nematode genus; infection = TOXOCARIASIS (not to be confused with TOXASCARIASIS); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014119

 

Toxocara canis

MS = A species of parasitic nematode found in the intestine of dogs. Lesions in the brain, liver, eye, kidney, and lung are caused by migrating larvae. In humans, these larvae do not follow normal patterns and may produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL).

AN = a species of nematode found in the dog intestine; infection: coord IM with TOXOCARIASIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D017166

 

Toxocariasis

MS = Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.

AN = an Ascaridida infect but differentiate from TOXASCARIASIS, also an Ascaridida infect; coord IM with species (IM); in animals but check tag ANIMAL; in man, probably is LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL

UI = D014120

 

Toxoids

MS = Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with specific organism /immunol (IM)

UI = D014121

 

Toxoplasma

MS = A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.

AN = infection = TOXOPLASMOSIS & its specifics; /drug eff: consider also COCCIDIOSTATS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014122

 

Toxoplasmosis

MS = The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D014123

 

Toxoplasmosis, Animal

MS = Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.

AN = exper or vet; /congen permitted: do not coord with TOXOPLASMOSIS, CONGENITAL

UI = D014124

 

Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral

MS = Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)

AN = coord IM with specific brain disease (IM) or specific site (IM) if pertinent; congenital: coord IM with TOXOPLASMOSIS, CONGENITAL (IM)

UI = D016781

 

Toxoplasmosis, Congenital

MS = Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)

AN = /vet = TOXOPLASMOSIS, ANIMAL /congen

UI = D014125

 

Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

MS = Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness.

AN = /congen permitted: do not coord with TOXOPLASMOSIS, CONGENITAL

UI = D014126

 

Toyocamycin

MS = 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.

AN = an antineoplastic antibiotic & antimetabolite

UI = D014127

 

Trabecular Meshwork

MS = A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of Schlemm.

AN = in the eye: do not confuse with other trabeculae

UI = D014129

 

Trabeculectomy

MS = Any surgical procedure for treatment of glaucoma by means of puncture or reshaping of the trabecular meshwork. It includes goniotomy, trabeculotomy, and laser perforation.

AN = refers to trabecular meshwork of eye only; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014130

 

Trace Elements

MS = A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

AN = GEN; /physiol permitted; see dictionary definition: do not coord with METALS for "trace metals" nor with MINERALS for "trace minerals"; do not confuse with "tracers" used for detection or with trace amounts of substances in tissue, food, etc.

UI = D014131

 

Trachea

MS = The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

AN = /surg: consider also TRACHEOSTOMY & TRACHEOTOMY; inflammation = TRACHEITIS; tracheal cyst = TRACHEAL CYST see MEDIASTINAL CYST

UI = D014132

 

Tracheal Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = TRACHEITIS

UI = D014133

 

Tracheal Neoplasms

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D014134

 

Tracheal Stenosis

UI = D014135

 

Tracheitis

UI = D014136

 

Tracheobronchomegaly

MS = A rare and probably congenital condition characterized by great enlargement of the lumen of the trachea and the larger bronchi.

AN = enlarged trachea lumen & larger bronchi; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

UI = D014137

 

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

MS = Abnormal communication between the esophagus and the trachea, acquired or congenital, often associated with ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA.

AN = fistula policy: Manual 23.19+

UI = D014138

 

Tracheostomy

MS = Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with TRACHEOTOMY

UI = D014139

 

Tracheotomy

MS = Surgical incision of the trachea.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not confuse with TRACHEOSTOMY

UI = D014140

 

Trachoma

MS = A chronic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.

AN = caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium, not a virus ("trachoma virus")

UI = D014141

 

Track and Field

MS = Sports performed on a track, field, or arena and including running events and other competitions, such as the pole vault, shot put, etc.

AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted; DF: TRACK

UI = D014142

 

Traction

MS = The pull on a limb or a part thereof. Skin traction (indirect traction) is applied by using a bandage to pull on the skin and fascia where light traction is required. Skeletal traction (direct traction), however, uses pins or wires inserted through bone and is attached to weights, pulleys, and ropes. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed)

UI = D014143

 

Tradescantia

MS = A plant genus of the family COMMELINACEAE that is used in genotoxic bioassays.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D034823

 

Tragacanth

MS = Powdered exudate from Astragalus gummifer and related plants. It forms gelatinous mass in water. Tragacanth is used as suspending agent, excipient or emulsifier in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It has also been used as a bulk-forming laxative.

AN = /biosyn permitted if by plant

UI = D014144

 

Tragopogon

MS = A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The root and shoots have been used for food.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031188

 

Trail Making Test

MS = The subject's ability to connect 25 numbered and lettered circles in sequence in a specific length of time. A score of 12 or below is suggestive of organic brain damage.

UI = D014145

 

Training Support

MS = Financial support for training including both student stipends and loans and training grants to institutions.

AN = SPEC qualif; specify agency or government & geog if possible

UI = D014146

 

Tramadol

MS = A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.

UI = D014147

 

Tranexamic Acid

MS = Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.

UI = D014148

 

Tranquilizing Agents

MS = A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought, or behavior. Included here are the ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS (minor tranquilizers), ANTIMANIC AGENTS, and the ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS (major tranquilizers). These drugs act by different mechanisms and are used for different therapeutic purposes.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific drugs; available also are TRANQUILIZING AGENTS, MINOR see ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS & TRANQUILIZING AGENTS, MAJOR see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS

UI = D014149

 

Trans-Activation (Genetics)

MS = Increased rate of gene expression directed by either viral or cellular proteins. These regulatory factors (diffusible gene products) act in trans -- that is, act on homologous or heterologous molecules of DNA. (Cis-acting factors act only on homologous molecules.)

AN = "increased rate of gene expression"; DF: TRANS ACTIVATION

UI = D015533

 

Trans-Activators

MS = Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

AN = in genetics, regulate expression of viral proteins; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D015534

 

trans-Golgi Network

MS = A network of membrane compartments, located at the cytoplasmic side of the GOLGI APPARATUS, where proteins and lipids are sorted for transport to various locations in the cell or cell membrane.

UI = D021601

 

Trans-Splicing

MS = The joining of RNA from two different genes. One type of trans-splicing is the "spliced leader" type (primarily found in protozoans such as trypanosomes and in lower invertebrates such as nematodes) which results in the addition of a capped, noncoding, spliced leader sequence to the 5' end of mRNAs. Another type of trans-splicing is the "discontinuous group II introns" type (found in plant/algal chloroplasts and plant mitochondria) which results in the joining of two independently transcribed coding sequences. Both are mechanistically similar to conventional nuclear pre-mRNA cis-splicing. Mammalian cells are also capable of trans-splicing.

AN = note category: a physiol process taking place within the cell nucleus; do not confuse with DNA; RECOMBINANT; CLONING, MOLECULAR; or GENETIC ENGINEERING

UI = D020040

 

Transactional Analysis

MS = A psychoanalytic therapy wherein each social transaction is analyzed to determine the involved ego state (whether parent-like, child-like, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behavior.

AN = a psychoanal technique; DF: TRANSACTIONAL ANAL

UI = D014152

 

Transaldolase

MS = An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield D-erythrose 4-phosphate and D-fructose phosphate in the pentosephosphate pathway. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.2.

UI = D014153

 

Transaminases

MS = A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.

UI = D000637

 

Transcaucasia

MS = Area of Europe that includes ARMENIA,; AZERBAIJAN; and the Republic of GEORGIA.

UI = D014154

 

Transcobalamins

MS = A group of carrier proteins which bind with vitamin B12 in the blood and aid in its transport. Transcobalamin I migrates electrophoretically as a beta-globulin, while transcobalamins II and III migrate as alpha-globulins.

AN = serum globulins; "carrier proteins which bind with vitamin B12 in the blood"; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D014155

 

Transcortin

AN = an alpha-globulin

UI = D014156

 

Transcription Factor AP-1

MS = A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

AN = in genetic transcription; /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: AP 1

UI = D018808

 

Transcription Factor TFIIA

MS = An RNA-POLYMERASE II specific transcription factor. It may play a role in transcriptional activation of gene expression by interacting with the TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN component of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIID.

UI = D035561

 

Transcription Factor TFIIB

MS = An RNA-POLYMERASE II specific transcription factor. It plays a role in assembly of the pol II transcriptional preinitiation complex and has been implicated as a target of gene-specific transcriptional activators.

UI = D035581

 

Transcription Factor TFIID

MS = The major sequence-specific DNA-binding component involved in the activation of transcription of RNA POLYMERASE II. It was originally described as a complex of TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN and TATA-BINDING PROTEIN ASSOCIATED FACTORS. It is now know that TATA BOX BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE PROTEINS may take the place of TATA-box binding protein in the complex.

UI = D035362

 

Transcription Factor TFIIIA

MS = One of several general transcription factors that are specific for RNA-POLYMERASE III. It is a zinc finger (ZINC FINGERS) protein and is required for transcription of 5S ribosomal genes.

UI = D035582

 

Transcription Factor TFIIIB

MS = One of several general transcription factors that are specific for RNA-POLYMERASE III. TFIIIB recruits and positions pol III over the initiation site and remains stably bound to the DNA through multiple rounds of re-initiation by RNA-POLYMERASE III.

UI = D035361

 

Transcription Factor, Sp1

MS = Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements (UPE) in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary to initiate transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral genes including c-Ha-ras and HIV.

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; in titles & translations use SP1 (the figure one), not SPl (the letter l)

UI = D016329

 

Transcription Factors

MS = Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

AN = in genetic transcription; /biosyn /physiol permitted; regulatory proteins go here or under REPRESSOR PROTEINS or VIRAL REGULATORY PROTEINS

UI = D014157

 

Transcription Factors, General

MS = Transcription factors that form transcription intiation complexes on DNA, bind to specific DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASES and are required to initiate transcription. Although their binding may be localized to distinct sequence and structural motifs within the DNA they are considered non-specific with regard to the specific gene being transcribed.

UI = D035165

 

Transcription Factors, TFII

MS = The so-called general transcription factors that bind to RNA POLYMERASE II and that are required to initiate transcription. They include TFIIA; TFIIB; TFIID; TFIIE; TFIIF; TFIIH; TFII-I; and TFIIJ. In vivo they apparently bind in an ordered multi-step process and/or may form a large preinitiation complex called RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.

UI = D019473

 

Transcription Factors, TFIII

MS = Factors that bind to RNA POLYMERASE III and aid in transcription. They include the assembly factors TFIIIA and TFIIIC and the initiation factor TFIIIB. All combine to form a preinitiation complex at the promotor that directs the binding of RNA POLYMERASE III.

UI = D019474

 

Transcription Initiation Site

MS = The first nucleotide of a transcribed DNA sequence where RNA polymerase (DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE) begins synthesizing the RNA transcript.

UI = D024363

 

Transcription, Genetic

MS = The transfer of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA by DNA-directed RNA polymerase. It includes reverse transcription and transcription of early and late genes expressed early in an organism's life cycle or during later development.

UI = D014158

 

Transcriptional Elongation Factors

MS = Transcription factors whose primary function is to regulate the rate in which RNA is transcribed.

UI = D035602

 

Transcultural Nursing

MS = A nursing specialty created to answer the need for developing a global perspective in the practice of nursing in a world of interdependent nations and people. The focus of this nursing discipline is on the integration of international and transcultural content into the training. Courses include study in the area of cultural differences, nursing in other countries, and international health issues and organizations, as an example.

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; on an international or cultural level only; coord IM with nurs specialty (IM) if pertinent + culture or ethnic group (IM) if pertinent; specify geog; DF: TRANSCULTURAL NURS

UI = D016746

 

Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

MS = Electrical stimulation of nerves and/or muscles to relieve pain; it is used less frequently to produce anesthesia. The optimal placements of electrodes or "trigger points" may correspond with acupuncture analgesia points. TENS is sometimes referred to as acupuncture-like when using a low frequency stimulus.

AN = "applied through the skin": do not confuse with ELECTRONARCOSIS ("through the brain"); do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: note short X ref TENS

UI = D004561

 

Transducers

MS = Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form. Examples include the microphone, phonographic pickup, loudspeaker, barometer, photelectric cell, automobile horn, doorbell, and underwater soundtransducer. (MacGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

AN = NIM

UI = D014159

 

Transducers, Pressure

MS = Transducers that are activated by pressure changes, e.g., blood pressure.

AN = NIM

UI = D014160

 

Transducin

MS = A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein that mediates the light activation signal from photolyzed rhodopsin to cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and is pivotal in the visual excitation process. Activation of rhodopsin on the outer membrane of rod and cone cells causes GTP to bind to transducin followed by dissociation of the alpha subunit-GTP complex from the beta/gamma subunits of transducin. The alpha subunit-GTP complex activates the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to 5'-GMP. This leads to closure of the sodium and calcium channels and therefore hyperpolarization of the rod cells. EC 3.6.1.-.

AN = alpha, beta and gamma transducins refer to its subunits

UI = D015293

 

Transduction, Genetic

MS = The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium in which the DNA originates to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses.

UI = D014161

 

Transfection

MS = The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL).

AN = coord with recipient/genet if permitted + specific donor/genet; do not confuse with genetic transvection (index under PHENOTYPE), an epigenetic phenomenon

UI = D014162

 

Transfer (Psychology)

MS = Change in learning in one situation due to prior learning in another situation. The transfer can be positive (with second learning improved by first) or negative (where the reverse holds).

AN = human & animal; DF: TRANSFER

UI = D014163

 

Transfer Agreement

MS = A written agreement for the transfer of patients and their medical records from one health care institution to another.

AN = "transfer of patients & their med records from onehealth care institution to another"

UI = D014164

 

Transfer Factor

MS = Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic cellular immunity to nonimmune recipients.

AN = derived from leukocytes; /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D014165

 

Transferases

MS = Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.

UI = D014166

 

Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)

MS = A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.

AN = DF: TRANSFERASES OSPG

UI = D017855

 

Transference (Psychology)

MS = The unconscious transfer to others (including psychotherapists) of feelings and attitudes which were originally associated with important figures (parents, siblings, etc.) in one's early life.

AN = human only; no qualif; DF: TRANSFERENCE

UI = D014167

 

Transferrin

MS = Serum beta-globulin that binds and transports iron. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = a beta-globulin

UI = D014168

 

Transferrin-Binding Protein A

MS = A subtype of bacterial transferrin-binding protein found in bacteria. It forms a cell surface receptor complex with TRANSFERRIN-BINDING PROTEIN B.

UI = D033881

 

Transferrin-Binding Protein B

MS = A subtype of bacterial transferrin-binding protein found in bacteria. It forms a cell surface receptor complex with TRANSFERRIN-BINDING PROTEIN A.

UI = D033882

 

Transferrin-Binding Proteins

MS = A class of carrier proteins that bind to TRANSFERRIN. Many strains of pathogenic bacteria utilize transferrin-binding proteins to acquire their supply of iron from serum.

UI = D033863

 

Transformation, Bacterial

MS = The heritable modification of the properties of a competent bacterium by DNA from another source. The uptake of naked DNA is a naturally occuring phenomenon in some bacteria. The analogous process used often for GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES is known as TRANSFECTION.

AN = coord with specific bact transformed/genet; DF: TRANSFORM BACT

UI = D014169

 

Transformation, Genetic

MS = Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; DF: TRANSFORM GENET

UI = D014170

 

Transforming Growth Factor alpha

MS = Factor isolated in a variety of tissues including epithelium, and maternal decidua. It is closely related to EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and binds to the EGF receptor. TGF-alpha acts synergistically with TGF-beta in inducing phenotypic transformation, but its physiological role is unknown.

AN = /drug eff permitted; DF: note short X ref

UI = D016211

 

Transforming Growth Factor beta

MS = A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

UI = D016212

 

Transforming Growth Factors

MS = Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumor-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug eff permitted

UI = D015291

 

Transfusion-Transmitted Virus

MS = An unclassified, non-enveloped DNA virus associated with transfusions and hepatitis. However, no etiological role has been found for TTV in hepatitis, and evidence suggests it is not a HEPATOVIRUS.

AN = a specific virus, not any virus transmitted by transfusion; infection: coord IM with DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D022783

 

Transgenes

MS = Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

UI = D019076

 

Transglutaminases

MS = Transglutaminases catalyze cross-linking of proteins at a GLUTAMINE in one chain with LYSINE in another chain. They include keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1 or TGK), tissue transglutaminase (TGM2 or TGC), plasma transglutaminase involved with coagulation (FACTOR XIII and FACTOR XIIIa), hair follicle transglutaminase, and prostate transglutaminase. Although structures differ, they share an active site (YGQCW) and strict CALCIUM dependence.

AN = distinguish X refs GLUTAMINYL-PEPTIDE GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASES and TRANSGLUTAMINASESS from GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSPEPTIDASE which is involved with glutathione metabolism; PLASMA TRANSGLUTAMINASE see FACTOR XIIIA is also available

UI = D011503

 

Transients and Migrants

MS = Mobile, short-term residents who move usually to find work.

AN = specify geog if possible; DF: TRANSIENTS

UI = D014171

 

Transillumination

MS = Passage of light through body tissues or cavities for examination of internal structures.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014172

 

Transistors

AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014173

 

Transition Elements

MS = Elements with partially filled d orbitals. They constitute groups 3-12 of the periodic table of elements.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D028561

 

Transketolase

MS = An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate in the pentosephosphate pathway. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.1.

UI = D014174

 

Translating

MS = Conversion from one language to another language.

AN = a cataloging term; no qualif

UI = D014175

 

Translation, Genetic

MS = Formation of peptides on ribosomes, directed by messenger RNA.

AN = TRANSLATION, GENETIC is in the realm of biochem genetics: do not confuse with TRANSLOCATION (GENETICS), a chromosome aberration

UI = D014176

 

Translations

MS = Products resulting from the conversion of one language to another.

AN = a cataloging term; no qualif

UI = D014177

 

Translocation (Genetics)

MS = A type of aberration characterized by fragmentation of a chromosome and transfer of the broken-off portion to another chromosome, often of a different pair.

AN = do not confuse with TRANSLATION, GENETIC (RNA-directed formation of peptides); DF: TRANSLOCATION

UI = D014178

 

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

MS = A species of CORONAVIRUS causing a fatal disease to pigs under 3 weeks old.

AN = infection = GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE

UI = D005760

 

Transplantation

MS = Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

AN = the surg procedure: do not confuse with TRANSPLANTS, the organ, tissue or cell transplanted; GEN & unspecified only: prefer /transpl with Category A terms: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.75; available also are several types of technical transpl terms (e.g., TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS) & many organ/transpl & tissue/transpl precoords; Manual 26.20+; TN 243; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION & TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION & indentions are also available; rejection of transplants is GRAFT REJECTION; DF: TRANSPL

UI = D014180

 

Transplantation Chimera

MS = An organism that, as a result of transplantation of donor tissue or cells, consists of two or more cell lines descended from at least two zygotes. This state may result in the induction of donor-specific TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE.

AN = DF: TRANSPL CHIMERA

UI = D018183

 

Transplantation Conditioning

MS = Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.

AN = coord IM with organ /transpl (IM) or precoord organ/transpl term (IM) (e.g., bone marrow transpl conditioning: coord IM with BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (IM); hematopoietic stem cell transpl conditioning: coord IM with HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (IM) ); myeloablative therapy or conditioning goes here; DF: TRANSPL CONDITIONING

UI = D019172

 

Transplantation Immunology

MS = A general term for the complex phenomena involved in allo- and xenograft rejection by a host and graft vs host reaction. Although the reactions involved in transplantation immunology are primarily thymus-dependent phenomena of cellular immunity, humoral factors also play a part in late rejection.

AN = IM; DF: TRANSPL IMMUNOL

UI = D014181

 

Transplantation Tolerance

MS = An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response.

UI = D023001

 

Transplantation, Autologous

MS = Transplantation from another site in or on the body of the individual receiving it.

AN = transpl in or on same body; NIM if at all: TN 243; no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; Manual 19.8.75; for skin or musc flaps in plastic surg index under SKIN TRANSPLANTATION or SURGICAL FLAPS & not also here; DF: TRANSPL AUTOL

UI = D014182

 

Transplantation, Heterologous

MS = Transplantation between animals of different species.

AN = transpl between different species; IM: TN 243; no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; do not coord here with BIOPROSTHESIS or BIOLOGICAL DRESSINGS: see notes there; do not confuse X ref HETEROGRAFT with "heterotopic transpl": heterograft = transpl from one species to another, heterotopic = transpl from one site to another; TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROTOPIC is also available; Manual 19.8.75; DF: TRANSPL HETEROL

UI = D014183

 

Transplantation, Heterotopic

MS = Transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. The tissue may be autologous, heterologous, or homologous.

AN = IM: TN 243; coord IM with organ /transpl (IM) or precoord organ/transpl term (IM) + implant site with no qualif (NIM); no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; do not confuse with TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS: heterotopic is for a graft of tissue typical of one site, removed to a different site, autol, homol or heterol; DF: TRANSPL HETEROTOPIC

UI = D016042

 

Transplantation, Homologous

MS = Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

AN = NIM if at all: TN 243; no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; Manual 19.8.75; DF: TRANSPL HOMOL

UI = D014184

 

Transplantation, Isogeneic

MS = Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains.

AN = NIM: TN 243; no qualif when NIM coord; when IM, qualif permitted; Manual 19.8.75; DF: TRANSPL ISOGEN

UI = D014185

 

Transplants

MS = Organs, tissues, or cells taken from the body for grafting into another area of the same body or into another individual. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = the transplant itself: do not confuse with TRANSPLANTATION, the surg procedure (see note there); coord IM with organ /transpl (IM) or precoord organ/transpl term (IM)

UI = D019737

 

Transport Vesicles

MS = Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations.

UI = D022161

 

Transportation

MS = The means of moving persons, animals, goods, or materials from one place to another.

AN = specify industry or geog if pertinent

UI = D014186

 

Transportation of Patients

MS = Conveying ill or injured individuals from one place to another.

AN = includes transport inside (e.g., bed to bed) & outside the hosp or elsewhere but do not confuse with PATIENT TRANSFER (interfacility or intrahospital transfer for admin reasons with regard to special care or economics)

UI = D014187

 

Transposase

MS = An enzyme that binds to single-stranded DNA. It is thought to recognize the repetitive ends of a transposon and to participate in the cleavage of the recipient site into which the new transposon copy inserts. EC 2.7.7.-.

UI = D019895

 

Transposition of Great Vessels

MS = A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the aorta arises entirely from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is recirculated by the right ventricle via the aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs.

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

UI = D014188

 

Transsexualism

MS = Severe gender dysphoria, coupled with a persistent desire for the physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)

AN = for check tag use genetic sex

UI = D014189

 

Transurethral Resection of Prostate

MS = Removal of all or part of the PROSTATE, often using a cystoscope and/or resectoscope passed through the URETHRA.

UI = D020728

 

Transvestism

MS = Disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing in a heterosexual male. The fantasies, urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning. (from APA, DSM-IV, 1994)

UI = D014190

 

Tranylcypromine

MS = A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)

UI = D014191

 

Trapidil

MS = A coronary vasodilator agent.

UI = D014192

 

Trauma Centers

MS = Specialized hospital facilities which provide diagnostic and therapeutic services for trauma patients.

UI = D014193

 

Trauma Severity Indices

MS = Systems for assessing, classifying, and coding injuries. These systems are used in medical records, surveillance systems, and state and national registries to aid in the collection and reporting of trauma.

AN = no qualif; do not confuse with TRIAGE, emerg selection of patients by priority of need; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX is also available

UI = D015599

 

Trauma, Nervous System

MS = Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.

AN = GEN: prefer specific precoord organ/injuries term or organ/inj; DF: NERVOUS SYSTEM INJ

UI = D020196

 

Traumatology

MS = The medical specialty which deals with WOUNDS and INJURIES as well as resulting disability, disorders, and STRESS from physical and psychological traumas.

AN = DF: TRAUMATOL

UI = D014194

 

Travel

MS = Aspects of health and disease related to travel. It includes the physiologic and psychologic beneficial or adverse effects of travel in general or with regard to specific diseases. It includes also emporiatrics, the specialty devoted to the medical aspects of travel. It excludes study tours.

AN = med, physiol, social, psychol aspects of travel & tourism; for articles on "the hazards of travel" or "the spread of disease by travel"; note X ref EMPORIATRICS for the field of travel medicine or medicine for travelers but do not coord with MEDICINE; not for study tours to various countries: index object of study + geog, as HOSPITALS + GHANA; PEDIATRICS + CHINA; consider also MEDICAL MISSIONS, OFFICIAL or MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES; jet lag: index JET LAG SYNDROME; traveler's diarrhea: coord IM with DIARRHEA (IM)

UI = D014195

 

Trazodone

MS = A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309)

UI = D014196

 

Treatment Failure

MS = A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.

AN = IM: GEN only; coord NIM with dis /ther (IM), as "analysis of treatment failure in AIDS" or with specific ther or intervention (IM)

UI = D017211

 

Treatment Outcome

MS = Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, practicability, etc., of these interventions in individual cases or series.

AN = IM: GEN only; coord NIM with dis /ther (IM), as "analysis of treatment outcome in Alzheimer dis at onset"

UI = D016896

 

Treatment Refusal

MS = Patient or client refusal of or resistance to medical, psychological, or psychiatric treatment. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

AN = do not confuse with PHYSICIAN REFUSAL TO TREAT see REFUSAL TO TREAT

UI = D016312

 

Trees

MS = Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

AN = IM; use qualif discreetly: few apply; includes foliage, needles, acorns, cones, buds, flowers, but remember FRUIT; POLLEN; RESINS; SEEDS; WOOD are available (coord these IM with TREES (NIM) when a specific genus of tree is discussed); do not confuse X ref FORESTS with FORESTRY, the specialty; coord IM with GEOGRAPHY (IM) or ECOLOGY (IM) or other aspect if pertinent

UI = D014197

 

Trehalase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha,alpha-trehalose and water to D-glucose. EC 3.2.1.28.

AN = do not confuse with TREHALOSE

UI = D014198

 

Trehalose

AN = called ergot sugar & mycose; do not confuse with TREHALASE

UI = D014199

 

Trema

MS = A plant genus of the family ULMACEAE. Members contain PHENANTHRENES and COUMARINS.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D034402

 

Trematoda

MS = Class of parasitic flukes consisting of three subclasses, Monogenea, Aspidogastrea, and Digenea. The digenetic trematodes are the only ones found in man. They are endoparasites and require two hosts to complete their life cycle.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; infection = TREMATODE INFECTIONS; /drug eff: consider also ANTIPLATYHELMINTIC AGENTS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014200

 

Trematode Infections

MS = Infections caused by infestation with worms of the class Trematoda.

AN = GEN: prefer specific trematode infections in MeSH or coord of specific trematode in MeSH with infection term as directed under name of trematode

UI = D014201

 

Tremor

MS = Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.

UI = D014202

 

Tremorine

UI = D014203

 

Trenbolone

MS = 17-beta-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one. An anabolic steroid used mainly as a growth substance in animals.

AN = an anabolic steroid

UI = D014204

 

Trench Fever

MS = An intermittent fever characterized by intervals of chills, fever, and splenomegaly each of which may last as long as 40 hours. It is caused by BARTONELLA QUINTANA and transmitted by the human louse.

AN = caused by Bartonella quintana; do not confuse with TRENCH FOOT

UI = D014205

 

Trephining

MS = The removal of a circular disk of the cranium. It is performed with a trephine, a small circular saw with a center pin mounted on a hollow metal shaft to which is attached a transverse handle. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

AN = in brain surg; restrict to skull: do not use for other tissues; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014207

 

Treponema

MS = A genus of microorganisms of the order SPIROCHAETALES, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man.

AN = infection = TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS or its specifics; Treponema hyodysenteriae = SERPULINA HYODYSENTERIAE, Treponema innocens = SERPULINA

UI = D014208

 

Treponema Immobilization Test

MS = Syphilis serodiagnosis employing as the antigen Treponema pallidum obtained from rabbit syphilis orchitis. Treponemes are kept alive for a few hours in a special medium. When syphilitic serum and complement are added and incubated, the treponemes are immobilized, i.e., stop moving.

AN = also called Treponema Pallidum Immobilization & TPI

UI = D014209

 

Treponema pallidum

MS = The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws.

AN = infection = SYPHILIS or YAWS

UI = D014210

 

Treponemal Infections

MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA.

AN = gram-neg bact infect; Treponema pallidum infection = SYPHILIS or YAWS

UI = D014211

 

Tretinoin

MS = An important regulator of gene expression, particularly during growth and development and in neoplasms. Retinoic acid derived from maternal vitamin A is essential for normal gene expression during embryonic development and either a deficiency or an excess can be teratogenic. It is also a topical dermatologic agent which is used in the treatment of psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and several other skin diseases. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia.

UI = D014212

 

Tretoquinol

MS = An adrenergic beta-agonist used as a bronchodilator agent in asthma therapy.

UI = D014213

 

Triacetin

MS = A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.

UI = D014215

 

Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

MS = Cyclic N-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent.

UI = D014216

 

Triage

MS = The sorting out and classification of patients or casualties to determine priority of need and proper place of treatment.

UI = D014218

 

Trial of Labor

MS = Allowing a woman to be in LABOR, OBSTETRIC long enough to determine if vaginal birth may be anticipated.

UI = D014219

 

Trialkyltin Compounds

MS = Organometallic compounds which contain tin and three alkyl groups.

AN = DF: TRIALKYLTIN CPDS

UI = D014220

 

Triallate

MS = A pre-emergence, selective herbicide for the control of wild oats in various crops.

UI = D014214

 

Triamcinolone

MS = A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)

AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm agent

UI = D014221

 

Triamcinolone Acetonide

MS = An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.

AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm & dermatol agent

UI = D014222

 

Triamterene

MS = A pteridine that is used as a mild diuretic.

UI = D014223

 

Triatoma

MS = A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.

AN = vector of Trypanosoma cruzi; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

UI = D014224

 

Triatominae

MS = A subfamily of assassin bugs (REDUVIIDAE) that are obligate blood-suckers of vertebrates. Included are the genera TRIATOMA; RHODNIUS; and PANSTRONGYLUS, which are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, the agent of CHAGAS DISEASE in humans.

AN = vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

UI = D014225

 

Triazenes

AN = do not confuse with TRIAZINES

UI = D014226

 

Triazines

AN = do not confuse with TRIAZENES

UI = D014227

 

Triaziquone

MS = Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.

UI = D014228

 

Triazolam

MS = A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.

UI = D014229

 

Triazoles

AN = includes triazolines, triazolidines

UI = D014230

 

Tribolium

MS = A genus of small beetles of the family Tenebrionidae; T. confusum is the "confused flour beetle".

AN = "confused flour beetle"; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

UI = D014231

 

Tribulus

MS = A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Members contain steroidal saponins. Ingestion by grazing animals causes PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS called geeldikkop (yellow thick head) in South Africa.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032444

 

Tricarboxylic Acids

MS = Organic compounds that are acyclic and contain three acid groups. A member of this class is citric acid which is the first product formed by reaction of pyruvate and oxaloacetate. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p443)

AN = /metab is probably TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE

UI = D014233

 

Trichechus

MS = A genus of the order Sirenia comprising what are commonly called manatees. The distinguishing characteristics include a tail that is not notched, a short nasal cavity, the absence of nasal bones, and enamel-covered teeth. Members of this genus are found in marine bays and/or sluggish rivers, usually in turbid water. (From Scott, Concise Encyclopedia Biology, 1996)

UI = D020455

 

Trichechus inunguis

MS = Member of the genus Trichechus found in the Amazon and Orinoco drainages of northeastern South America. (From Scott, Concise Encyclopedia Biology, 1996)

UI = D020456

 

Trichechus manatus

MS = Member of the genus Trichechus inhabiting the coast and coastal rivers of the southeastern United States as well as the West Indies and the adjacent mainland from Vera Cruz, Mexico to northern South America. (From Scott, Concise Encyclopedia Biology, 1996)

UI = D020457

 

Trichinella

MS = A genus of parasitic nematodes that causes TRICHINOSIS in man and carnivores.

AN = a genus of nematodes; infection = TRICHINOSIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014234

 

Trichinella spiralis

MS = A parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes TRICHINOSIS. It is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. Human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae.

AN = a species of nematode common in rats & swine; infection: coord IM with TRICHINOSIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D017160

 

Trichinosis

MS = A disease due to infection with TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS. It is caused by eating undercooked meat, usually pork.

AN = nematode infect caused by Trichina or Trichinella: do not confuse with TRICHURIASIS, caused by Trichuris

UI = D014235

 

Trichlorfon

MS = A organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed)

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

UI = D014236

 

Trichlormethiazide

MS = A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)

UI = D014237

 

Trichloroacetic Acid

MS = A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.

UI = D014238

 

Trichloroepoxypropane

MS = A potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. It enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens.

UI = D014239

 

Trichloroethanes

MS = Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.

UI = D014240

 

Trichloroethylene

MS = A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.

UI = D014241

 

Trichoderma

MS = A mitosporic fungal genus frequently found in soil and on wood. It is sometimes used for controlling pathogenic fungi. Its teleomorph is HYPOCREA.

AN = infection: coord IM with MYCOSES or specifics

UI = D014242

 

Trichodermin

MS = Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry.

UI = D014243

 

Trichomonadida

MS = An order of parasitic protozoa typically having four to six flagella. True cysts are known in very few species.

AN = an order of protozoa

UI = D016834

 

Trichomonas

MS = A genus of parasitic flagellate protozoans distinguished by the presence of four anterior flagella, an undulating membrane, and a trailing flagellum.

AN = infection = TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; trichomonicides = ANTITRICHOMONAL AGENTS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014244

 

Trichomonas Infections

MS = Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.

AN = protozoan infect; /drug ther: consider also ANTITRICHOMONAL AGENTS

UI = D014245

 

Trichomonas vaginalis

MS = A species of TRICHOMONAS that produces a refractory vaginal discharge in females, as well as bladder and urethral infections in males.

AN = an organism: do not confuse with the disease TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS; infection = probably TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS but if not, coord IM with TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS (IM) + precoord organ/dis term (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014246

 

Trichomonas Vaginitis

MS = Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.

AN = do not confuse with the organism TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

UI = D014247

 

Trichophytin

MS = Antigens from the genus TRICHOPHYTON. Trichophytin has been used in studies of immunological responses to these dermatophytes.

AN = do not confuse with TRICHOPHYTON, an organism

UI = D014248

 

Trichophyton

MS = A mitosporic fungal genus and an anamorphic form of Arthroderma. Various species attack the skin, nails, and hair.

AN = do not confuse with TRICHOPHYTIN, a fungal antigen; infection = TRICHOPHYTOSIS see TINEA

UI = D014249

 

Trichosanthes

MS = A plant species of the family CUCURBITACEAE that is a source of TRICHOSANTHIN (a ribosomal inhibitory protein).

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029778

 

Trichosanthin

MS = Plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) purified from the Chinese medicinal herb tian-hua-fen which is obtained from the root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii. It has been used as an abortifacient and in the treatment of trophoblastic tumors. GLQ223 (Compound Q), a highly purified form of trichosanthin, has been proposed as antiviral treatment for AIDS.

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D015978

 

Trichosporon

MS = A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, and white PIEDRA (T. beigelii).

AN = infection: coord IM with MYCOSES (IM) or specific mycosis (IM)

UI = D014250

 

Trichostomatida

MS = An order of ciliate protozoa in which the cytostome is usually situated at the base of an oral groove, the wall of which bears dense cilia.

AN = an order of ciliate protozoa

UI = D016800

 

Trichostomatina

MS = A suborder of ciliate protozoa characterized by non-reduction of the somatic ciliature.

AN = a suborder of ciliate protozoa

UI = D016801

 

Trichostrongyloidea

MS = A superfamily of nematodes. Most are intestinal parasites of ruminants and accidentally in humans. This superfamily includes seven genera: DICTYOCAULUS; HAEMONCHUS; Cooperia, OSTERTAGIA; Nematodirus, TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; and Hyostrongylus.

AN = a superfamily of nematodes; infection = TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDIASIS

UI = D014251

 

Trichostrongyloidiasis

MS = Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.

AN = roundworm infect; caused by various genera of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA: do not confuse with TRICHOSTRONGYLOSIS, caused by the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS

UI = D014252

 

Trichostrongylosis

MS = Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.

AN = nematode infect caused by TRICHOSTRONGYLUS, a genus: do not confuse with TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDIASIS, caused by genera of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA

UI = D014253

 

Trichostrongylus

MS = A genus of parasitic nematodes found in the digestive tract of herbivorous animals. They cause incidental infections in humans from the following species: Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. orientalis, T. axei, and T. probolurus.

AN = infection = TRICHOSTRONGYLOSIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014254

 

Trichothecenes

MS = Usually 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes, produced by Fusaria, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma and other fungi, and some higher plants. They may contaminate food or feed grains, induce emesis and hemorrhage in lungs and brain, and damage bone marrow due to protein and DNA synthesis inhibition.

AN = mycotoxins

UI = D014255

 

Trichotillomania

MS = Compulsion to pull out one's hair.

UI = D014256

 

Trichuriasis

MS = Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.

AN = nematode infect caused by Trichuris: do not confuse with TRICHINOSIS, caused by Trichina or Trichinella

UI = D014257

 

Trichuris

MS = A genus of nematode worms comprising the whipworms.

AN = a genus of nematodes called whipworms; infection = TRICHURIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014258

 

Trichuroidea

MS = A superfamily of nematodes of the order ENOPLIDA. Its organisms have a well developed intestine and rectum.

AN = a superfamily of nematodes; infection: coord IM with ENOPLIDA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014259

 

Triclosan

MS = A diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action.

UI = D014260

 

Tricuspid Atresia

MS = Absence of the orifice between the right atrium and ventricle, with the presence of an atrial defect through which all the systemic venous return reaches the left heart. As a result, there is left ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR) because the right ventricle is absent or not functional.

AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

UI = D018785

 

Tricuspid Valve

MS = The valve consisting of three cusps situated between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart.

AN = dis: coord IM with HEART VALVE DISEASES (IM) but note specific tricuspid valve dis; /abnorm = probably TRICUSPID ATRESIA

UI = D014261

 

Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

MS = Backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium, owing to imperfect functioning of the tricuspid valve.

AN = imperfect closing of valve

UI = D014262

 

Tricuspid Valve Prolapse

MS = Abnormal protrusion of one or more of the leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the right atrium during systole.

UI = D014263

 

Tricuspid Valve Stenosis

MS = The pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve. (Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = /congen permitted

UI = D014264

 

Triethylenemelamine

MS = Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.

UI = D014265

 

Triethylenephosphoramide

MS = An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.

AN = a chemosterilant & alkylating antineoplastic

UI = D013721

 

Triethylenetetramine

MS = Used as stabilizer for epoxy resins, as ampholyte for isoelectric focusing and as chelating agent for copper in hepatolenticular degeneration; may cause liver damage.

UI = D014266

 

Triethyltin Compounds

MS = Organic compounds composed of tin and three ethyl groups. Affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes.

AN = DF: TRIETHYLTIN CPDS

UI = D014267

 

Trifluoperazine

MS = A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.

UI = D014268

 

Trifluoroacetic Acid

MS = A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.

UI = D014269

 

Trifluoroethanol

MS = A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.

UI = D014270

 

Trifluperidol

MS = A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of psychoses including mania and schizophrenia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)

UI = D014272

 

Triflupromazine

MS = A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.

UI = D014273

 

Trifluralin

MS = A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.

UI = D014274

 

Trifluridine

MS = An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)

UI = D014271

 

Trifolium

MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.

AN = note X ref RED CLOVER: CLOVER see MEDICAGO, BUSH CLOVER see LESPEDEZA and SWEET CLOVER see MELILOTUS are also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029921

 

Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus

MS = The caudal portion of the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS, SPINAL), a nucleus involved with pain and temperature sensation.

AN = do not confuse with CAUDATE NUCLEUS (corpus striatum)

UI = D014275

 

Trigeminal Ganglion

MS = The semilunar-shaped ganglion containing the cells of origin of most of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve. It is situated within the dural cleft on the cerebral surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and gives off the ophthalmic, maxillary, and part of the mandibular nerves.

AN = neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D012668

 

Trigeminal Nerve

MS = The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the trigeminal ganglion and project to the trigeminal nucleus of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

AN = neopl = TRIGEMINAL NERVE DISEASES (IM) + CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); TRIGEMINAL GANGLION is available

UI = D014276

 

Trigeminal Nerve Diseases

MS = Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.

AN = neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D020433

 

Trigeminal Neuralgia

MS = A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURSYMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)

UI = D014277

 

Trigeminal Nuclei

MS = Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve situated in the brain stem. They include the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS, SPINAL), the principal sensory nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus, and the motor nucleus.

UI = D014278

 

Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal

MS = Nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. It is divided cytoarchitectonically into three parts: oralis, caudalis (TRIGEMINAL CAUDAL NUCLEUS), and interpolaris.

UI = D014279

 

Triglycerides

AN = /blood: consider also HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA & the hypertriglyceridemias in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I; HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE IV & HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE V

UI = D014280

 

Trigonella

MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029910

 

Trihalomethanes

MS = Methanes substituted with three halogen atoms, which may be the same or different.

UI = D022882

 

Trihexosylceramides

MS = Glycosphingolipids which contain as their polar head group a trisaccharide (galactose-galactose-glucose) moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in ceramide trihexosidase, is the cause of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (FABRY DISEASE).

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D014281

 

Trihexyphenidyl

MS = One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.

AN = DF: note short X ref

UI = D014282

 

Triiodobenzoic Acids

MS = Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.

UI = D014283

 

Triiodothyronine

MS = A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.

UI = D014284

 

Triiodothyronine, Reverse

MS = A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.

UI = D014285

 

Trillium

MS = A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that is a short plant with a distinct whorl of 3 broad leaves.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031446

 

Trilogy of Fallot

MS = Combination of pulmonary valve stenosis and atrial septal defect with right ventricular hypertrophy.

AN = pulm stenosis with atrial septal defect & right ventric hypertrophy; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse with TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

UI = D014286

 

Trimebutine

MS = Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.

UI = D014287

 

Trimecaine

MS = Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic.

UI = D014288

 

Trimedoxime

MS = Cholinesterase reactivator used as an antidote in alkyl phosphate poisoning.

UI = D014289

 

Trimeprazine

MS = A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.

UI = D014291

 

Trimeresurus

MS = A genus of snakes of the family VIPERIDAE. About 30 species are currently recognized, found in southeast Asia and adjacent island chains. The Okinawa habu frequently enters dwellings in search of rats and mice; the Chinese habu is often found in suburban and agricultural areas. They are quite irritable. (Moore: Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p136)

AN = a genus of vipers; its venom: coord IM with CROTALID VENOMS (IM)

UI = D017841

 

Trimetazidine

MS = A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.

UI = D014292

 

Trimethadione

MS = An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)

UI = D014293

 

Trimethaphan

MS = A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.

UI = D014294

 

Trimethoprim

MS = A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. The interference with folic acid metabolism may cause a depression of hematopoiesis. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.

AN = consider TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE for nonsusceptibility of bacteria

UI = D014295

 

Trimethoprim Resistance

MS = Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of TRIMETHOPRIM.

UI = D014296

 

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination

MS = This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS, but is the drug of choice for urinary infection.

AN = DF: TMP SMX

UI = D015662

 

Trimethylsilyl Compounds

MS = Organic silicon derivatives used to characterize hydroxysteroids, nucleosides, and related compounds. Trimethylsilyl esters of amino acids are used in peptide synthesis.

AN = DF: TRIMETHYLSILYL CPDS

UI = D014297

 

Trimethyltin Compounds

MS = Organic compounds composed of tin and three methyl groups. Affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes.

AN = DF: TRIMETHYLTIN CPDS

UI = D014298

 

Trimetrexate

MS = A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.

UI = D016597

 

Trimipramine

MS = Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.

UI = D014299

 

Trinidad and Tobago

MS = An independent state in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, north of Venezuela, comprising the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Its capital is Port of Spain. Both islands were discovered by Columbus in 1498. The Spanish, English, Dutch, and French figure in their history over four centuries. Trinidad and Tobago united in 1898 and were made part of the British colony of Trinidad and Tobago in 1899. The colony became an independent state in 1962. Trinidad was so named by Columbus either because he arrived on Trinity Sunday or because three mountain peaks suggested the Holy Trinity. Tobago was given the name by Columbus from the Haitian tambaku, pipe, from the natives' habit of smoking tobacco leaves. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1228, 1216 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p555, 547)

AN = islands constituting an independent state in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies; DF: TRINIDAD

UI = D014300

 

Trinitrobenzenes

MS = Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.

UI = D014301

 

Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid

MS = A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.

AN = DF: TNBS

UI = D014302

 

Trinitrotoluene

UI = D014303

 

Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion

MS = DNA region comprised of a variable number of repetitive, contiguous trinucleotide sequences. The presence of these regions is associated with diseases such as FRAGILE X SYNDROME and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY. Many chromosome fragile sites (CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY) contain expanded trinucleotide repeats.

UI = D019680

 

Trinucleotide Repeats

MS = Microsatellite repeats consisting of three nucleotides dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes.

UI = D018911

 

Triolein

MS = (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.

AN = a triglyceride

UI = D014304

 

Triose-Phosphate Isomerase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. A deficiency in humans causes nonspherocytic hemolytic disease (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC, CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC). EC 5.3.1.1.

AN = /defic: consider also ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC, CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC

UI = D014305

 

Trioses

AN = monosaccharides

UI = D014306

 

Trioxsalen

MS = Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.

UI = D014307

 

Triparanol

MS = Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.

UI = D014308

 

Tripelennamine

MS = A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA, HAY FEVER, URTICARIA, and RHINITIS, and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.

UI = D014309

 

Triplets

AN = human only: for animals use LITTER SIZE; relation to PREGNANCY: Manual 28.17.4, 34.14; diseases in triplets: coord IM with specific disease or diseases (IM)

UI = D014310

 

Tripleurospermum

MS = A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. It is easily confused with related plants with similar common names of Chamomile and Mayweed (MATRICARIA; CHAMAEMELUM; and ANTHEMIS).

AN = X refs: distinguish from related plants with similar common names; check text and MeSH; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031169

 

Triprolidine

MS = Histamine H1 antagonist used in ALLERGIC RHINITIS, ASTHMA, and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.

UI = D014311

 

Tripterygium

MS = A plant genus of the family CELASTRACEAE that is a source of triterpenoids and diterpene epoxides such as triptolide.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029757

 

Triptorelin

MS = A long-acting GONADORELIN analog agonist. It has been used in the treatment of prostatic cancer, ovarian cancer, precocious puberty, endometriosis, and to induce ovulation for in vitro fertilization.

UI = D017329

 

Trisaccharides

MS = Oligosaccharides containing three monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.

UI = D014312

 

Trismus

MS = Spasmodic contraction of the masseter muscle resulting in forceful jaw closure. This may be seen with a variety of diseases, including TETANUS, as a complication of radiation therapy, trauma, or in association with neoplastic conditions.

UI = D014313

 

Trisomy

MS = The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.

AN = coord IM with specific chromosome number (IM); trisomy 21 = DOWN SYNDROME

UI = D014314

 

Triterpenes

UI = D014315

 

Triticum

MS = A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of wheat grain. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE.

AN = wheat germ: index under TRITICUM, not TRITICUM /embryol; do not confuse X ref WHEAT with BUCKWHEAT nor TRITICUM with the rye-wheat hybrid TRITICALE see CEREALS; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D014908

 

Tritium

AN = = H3; naturally radioactive

UI = D014316

 

Tritolyl Phosphates

MS = A mixture of isomeric tritolyl phosphates. Used in the sterilization of certain surgical instruments and in many industrial processes.

UI = D014317

 

Tritrichomonas

MS = A genus of flagellate protozoans possessing three long anterior flagella.

AN = infection: coord IM with MASTIGOPHORA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014318

 

Tritrichomonas foetus

MS = A species of flagellate parasitic protozoa. It possesses a long undulating membrane that is bordered on its outer margin by a flagellum that becomes free posteriorly. This organism causes infections in cows that could lead to temporary infertility or abortion.

AN = causes bovine abortion; infection: coord IM with MASTIGOPHORA INFECTIONS (IM) & if pertinent ABORTION, VETERINARY (IM) (see note there) + CATTLE DISEASES (IM)

UI = D016835

 

Triturus

MS = A genus of aquatic newts in the Salamandridae family. During breeding season many Triturus males have a dorsal crest which also serves as an accessory respiratory organ. One of the common Triturus species is Triturus cristatus (crested newt).

AN = aquatic newt; NIM when exper animal: no qualif; IM; qualif permitted

UI = D014319

 

Trityl Compounds

AN = benzene derivatives; DF: TRITYL CPDS

UI = D014320

 

Triumfetta

MS = A plant genus of the family TILIACEAE. The common name of burweed is also used for AMSINCKIA. Triumfetta semitriloba is considered a noxious weed.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032385

 

tRNA Methyltransferases

MS = Enzymes that catalyze the S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation of ribonucleotide bases within a transfer RNA molecule. EC 2.1.1.

AN = DF: note short X ref

UI = D012359

 

Trochlear Nerve

MS = The 4th cranial nerve. The trochlear nerve carries the motor innervation of the superior oblique muscles of the eye.

AN = neopl = TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES (IM) + CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D014321

 

Trochlear Nerve Diseases

MS = Diseases of the fourth cranial (trochlear) nerve or its nucleus in the midbrain. The nerve crosses as it exits the midbrain dorsally and may be injured along its course through the intracranial space, cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, or orbit. Clinical manifestations include weakness of the superior oblique muscle which causes vertical DIPLOPIA that is maximal when the affected eye is adducted and directed inferiorly. Head tilt may be seen as a compensatory mechanism for diplopia and rotation of the visual axis. Common etiologies include CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.

AN = neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D020432

 

Troglotrematidae

MS = A family of flukes (TREMATODA) usually under 10 mm in length, some being only 1 or 2 mm long. In general they are thick, spinous, or scaly flukes having an oval outline and living in various organs and sinuses of birds and mammals. The genus with the greatest interest is PARAGONIMUS. (From Noble et al., Parasitology: the Biology of Animal Parasites, 6th ed, p191)

AN = a family of trematodes; infection: coord IM with TREMATODE INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014322

 

Troleandomycin

MS = A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.

UI = D014217

 

Trombiculiasis

MS = Infestation with mites of the genus Trombicula, whose larvae carry the rickettsial agent of scrub typhus.

AN = mite infestation

UI = D014323

 

Trombiculidae

MS = Family of MITES in the superfamily Trombiculoidea, suborder Prostigmata, which attack humans and other vertebrates, causing DERMATITIS and severe allergic reactions. Chiggers, red bugs, and harvest mites commonly refer to the larval stage of Trombiculid mites, the only parasitic stage of the mite's life cycle.

AN = infection = TROMBICULIASIS

UI = D014324

 

Tromethamine

MS = An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)

UI = D014325

 

Tropaeolaceae

MS = A plant family of the order Geraniales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032387

 

Tropaeolum

MS = A plant genus of the family TROPAEOLACEAE. The common nasturtium is a plant that grows 2.4-3.6 m (8-12 feet) tall and has funnel-shapped flowers that are commonly yellow-orange with red spots or stripes and have a long spur that contains sweet nectar. Some species in this genus are called watercress which is also a common name for RORIPPA and NASTURTIUM.

AN = X ref NASTURTIUM, GARDEN: the genus NASTURTIUM is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032388

 

Tropanes

UI = D014326

 

Trophoblastic Neoplasms

MS = Trophoblastic growth, which may be gestational or nongestational in origin. Trophoblastic neoplasia resulting from pregnancy is often described as gestational trophoblastic disease to distinguish it from germ cell tumors which frequently show trophoblastic elements, and from the trophoblastic differentiation which sometimes occurs in a wide variety of epithelial cancers. Gestational trophoblastic growth has several forms, including HYDATIDIFORM MOLE and CHORIOCARCINOMA. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1691)

AN = = "trophoblastic disease"; coord IM with UTERINE NEOPLASMS (IM); check the tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY if needed

UI = D014328

 

Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site

MS = An uncommon variant of CHORIOCARCINOMA. It is composed almost entirely of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). Because its secretion of hCG (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN) is low, a large tumor may develop before the hCG can be detected.

AN = coord IM with UTERINE NEOPLASMS (IM); check the tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY

UI = D018245

 

Trophoblasts

MS = Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).

UI = D014327

 

Tropical Climate

MS = A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

AN = specify geog if pertinent

UI = D014329

 

Tropical Medicine

MS = The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; = "tropical diseases" when very general but avoid: prefer specific diseases; DF: TROPICAL MED

UI = D014330

 

Tropicamide

MS = One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.

UI = D014331

 

Tropism

MS = The directional growth of an organism in response to an external stimulus such as light, touch, or gravity. Growth towards the stimulus is a positive tropism; growth away from the stimulus is a negative tropism. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

AN = directional growth toward or away from a stimulus

UI = D018523

 

Tropocollagen

MS = The molecular unit of collagen fibrils that consist of repeating three-stranded polypeptide units arranged head to tail in parallel bundles. It is a right-handed triple helix composed of 2 polypeptide chains. It is rich in glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine.

UI = D014332

 

Tropoelastin

MS = A salt-soluble precursor of elastin. Lysyl oxidase is instrumental in converting it to elastin in connective tissue.

AN = a protein precursor; /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D014333

 

Tropolone

MS = A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIFUNGAL).

UI = D014334

 

Tropomyosin

MS = A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

AN = a muscle protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D014335

 

Troponin

MS = One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.

AN = a muscle protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted; TROPONIN C; TROPONIN I; & TROPONIN T are also available

UI = D014336

 

Troponin C

MS = One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex of skeletal muscle. It is a calcium-binding protein.

AN = TROPONIN I & TROPONIN T are also available

UI = D019209

 

Troponin I

MS = One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions.

AN = a muscle protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted; TROPONIN C & TROPONIN T are also available

UI = D019210

 

Troponin T

MS = One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that binds to tropomyosin. It is released from only damaged or injured heart tissue and cells.

AN = TROPONIN C & TROPONIN I are also available

UI = D020107

 

Trout

MS = Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.

AN = genera Oncorhynchus and Salmo may be either salmon or trout; check text

UI = D014337

 

Truncus Arteriosus

MS = The embryonic arterial trunk arising from the heart which then divides into the aorta and the main pulmonary artery.

AN = normal; abnormal is probably TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS, PERSISTENT; pseudotruncus arteriosus = TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

UI = D014338

 

Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent

MS = A congenital anomaly resulting from the failure of the aorticopulmonary system to develop and divide the truncus arteriosus into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

AN = abnormal; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

UI = D014339

 

Trusses

MS = A surgical device designed for retaining a hernia in a reduced state within the abdominal cavity.

UI = D014340

 

Trust

MS = Confidence in or reliance on a person or thing.

UI = D035502

 

Trustees

MS = Board members of an institution or organization who are entrusted with the administering of funds and the directing of policy.

UI = D014341

 

Truth Disclosure

MS = Truthful revealing of information, specifically when the information disclosed is likely to be psychologically painful ("bad news") to the recipient (e.g., revelation to a patient or a patient's family of the patient's diagnosis or prognosis) or embarassing to the teller (e.g., revelation of medical errors).

AN = DISCLOSURE is also available

UI = D014342

 

Trypan Blue

MS = An azo that that is used in protozoal infections.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D014343

 

Trypanocidal Agents

MS = Agents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder TRYPANOSOMATINA.

AN = consider also TRYPANOSOMA /drug eff & TRYPANOSOMIASIS /drug ther or pertinent specifics

UI = D014344

 

Trypanosoma

MS = A genus of flagellate protozoans found in the blood and lymph of vertebrates and invertebrates, both hosts being required to complete the life cycle.

AN = GEN; prefer specific; /drug eff: consider also TRYPANOCIDAL AGENTS; infection = TRYPANOSOMIASIS but prefer specific types of trypanosomiasis; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014345

 

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

MS = A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes nagana in domestic and game animals in Africa. It apparently does not infect humans. It is transmitted by bites of tsetse flies (Glossina).

AN = causes nagana & also TRYPANOSOMIASIS, BOVINE in African cattle or TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN /vet in African game animals; infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN (IM) but see note there for X ref NAGANA see TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014346

 

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

MS = A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes Gambian or West African sleeping sickness in humans. The vector host is usually the tsetse fly (Glossina).

AN = causes Gambian or West African sleeping sickness in several parts of Africa; infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014347

 

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

MS = A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes Rhodesian sleeping sickness in humans. It is carried by Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans and occasionally other species of game-attacking tsetse flies.

AN = causes Rhodesian sleeping sickness; infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D016833

 

Trypanosoma congolense

MS = A species of Trypanosome hemoflagellates that is carried by tsetse flies and causes severe anemia in cattle. These parasites are also found in horses, sheep, goats, and camels.

AN = infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES PROTOZOAN

UI = D014348

 

Trypanosoma cruzi

MS = The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.

AN = infection = TRYPANOSOMIASIS, SOUTH AMERICAN see CHAGAS DISEASE; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014349

 

Trypanosoma lewisi

MS = A trypanosome found in the blood of adult rats and transmitted by the rat flea. It is generally non-pathogenic in adult rats but can cause lethal infection in suckling rats.

AN = in rats; infection: coord IM with TRYPANOSOMIASIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014350

 

Trypanosoma vivax

MS = An active blood parasite that is present in practically all domestic animals in Africa, the West Indies, and parts of Central and South America. In Africa, the insect vector is the tsetse fly. In other countries, infection is by mechanical means indicating that the parasites have been introduced to these countries and have been able to maintain themselves in spite of the lack of a suitable intermediate host. It is a cause of nagana, the severity of which depends on the species affected.

AN = causes nagana in African cattle & other animals: see note at TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D016689

 

Trypanosomatina

MS = A suborder of monoflagellate parasitic protozoa that lives in the blood and tissues of man and animals. Representative genera include: Blastocrithidia, Leptomonas, CRITHIDIA, Herpetomonas, LEISHMANIA, Phytomonas, and TRYPANOSOMA. Species of this suborder may exist in two or more morphologic stages formerly named after genera exemplifying these forms - amastigote (LEISHMANIA), choanomastigote (CRITHIDIA), promastigote (Leptomonas), opisthomastigote (Herpetomonas), epimastigote (Blastocrithidia), and trypomastigote (TRYPANOSOMA).

AN = infection: coord IM with MASTIGOPHORA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN

UI = D014351

 

Trypanosomiasis

MS = Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.

AN = protozoan infect; GEN: prefer specific; /drug ther: consider also TRYPANOCIDAL AGENTS; exper trypanosomiasis: TN 187

UI = D014352

 

Trypanosomiasis, African

MS = A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the tsetse fly. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.

AN = for trypanosomiasis in tropical Africa caused by any species of Trypanosoma: TN 188; coord IM with TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI GAMBIENSE (IM) for Gambian trypanosomiasis; X ref NAGANA: see MeSH definition & index under TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN /vet (IM) + specific Trypanosoma genus (IM) + animal/dis precoord (IM) + animal (IM or NIM) + check tag ANIMAL; specify geog if pertinent

UI = D014353

 

Trypanosomiasis, Bovine

MS = Infection in cattle caused by various species of trypanosomes.

AN = don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; coord IM with specific type of trypanosomiasis /vet (NIM)

UI = D014354

 

Trypsin

MS = A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

UI = D014357

 

Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean

MS = A low-molecular-weight protein (minimum molecular weight 8000) which has the ability to inhibit trypsin as well as chymotrypsin at independent binding sites. It is characterized by a high cystine content and the absence of glycine.

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: TRYPSIN INHIB BOWMAN

UI = D014358

 

Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic

MS = A pancreatic trypsin inhibitor common to all mammals. It is secreted with the zymogens into the pancreatic juice. It is a protein composed of 56 amino acid residues and is different in amino acid composition and physiological activity from the Kunitz bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (APROTININ).

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: TRYPSIN INHIB KAZAL

UI = D014359

 

Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean

MS = A high-molecular-weight protein (approximately 22,500) containing 198 amino acid residues. It is a strong inhibitor of trypsin and human plasmin.

AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; DF: TRYPSIN INHIB KUNITZ

UI = D014360

 

Trypsin Inhibitors

MS = Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN is available; DF: TRYPSIN INHIB

UI = D014361

 

Trypsinogen

MS = The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = an enzyme precursor; /defic: consider also MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES (IM) + AMINO ACID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS (IM)

UI = D014362

 

Tryptamines

UI = D014363

 

Tryptophan

MS = An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

UI = D014364

 

Tryptophan Hydroxylase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen. It is important in the biosynthesis of serotonin. EC 1.14.16.4

UI = D014365

 

Tryptophan Oxygenase

MS = A protohemoprotein. Forms formylkynurenine from L-tryptophan and molecular oxygen. EC 1.13.11.11.

UI = D014366

 

Tryptophan Synthase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine and 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate to L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein that also catalyzes the conversion of serine and indole into tryptophan and water and of indoleglycerol phosphate into indole and glyceraldehyde phosphate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.1.20.

UI = D014367

 

Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase

MS = An enzyme that activates tryptophan with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.2.

UI = D014369

 

Tryptophanase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tryptophan and water to indole, pyruvate, and ammonia. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein, requiring K+. It also catalyzes 2,3-elimination and beta-replacement reactions of some indole-substituted tryptophan analogs of L-cysteine, L-serine, and other 3-substituted amino acids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.99.1.

UI = D014368

 

Tsetse Flies

MS = Bloodsucking flies of the genus Glossina, found primarily in equatorial Africa. Several species are intermediate hosts of trypanosomes.

AN = vectors of various species of Trypanosoma; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted; do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

UI = D014370

 

Tsuga

MS = A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are coniferous evergreen trees and should not be confused with hemlock plants (CICUTA and CONIUM).

AN = distinguish from hemlock plants (CICUTA or CONIUM); coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D028225

 

Tuber Cinereum

MS = Layer of gray matter in the hypothalamus that also forms part of the floor of the third ventricle and merges anteriorly into the infundibulum (see PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).

UI = D014371

 

Tubercidin

MS = An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.

AN = an antineoplastic antimetabolite

UI = D014372

 

Tuberculin

MS = A protein extracted from boiled culture of tubercle bacilli (MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS). It is used in the tuberculin skin test (TUBERCULIN TEST) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in asymptomatic persons.

AN = /diag use = probably TUBERCULIN TEST

UI = D014373

 

Tuberculin Test

MS = One of several skin tests to determine past or present tuberculosis infection. A purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacilli, called tuberculin, is introduced into the skin by scratch, puncture, or interdermal injection.

UI = D014374

 

Tuberculoma

MS = A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.

AN = not a neoplasm; coord IM with precoord tuberculosis term (IM) or organ/dis precoord (IM) if tuberc term is not available

UI = D014375

 

Tuberculoma, Intracranial

MS = A well-circumscribed mass composed of tuberculous granulation tissue that may occur in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brain stem, or perimeningeal spaces. Multiple lesions are quite common. Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Spinal cord tuberculomas may be associated with localized or radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. Tuberculomas may arise as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS, but also occur in immunocompetent individuals.

AN = not a neoplasm; coord IM with specif part of brain or precoord brain/dis (IM)

UI = D016862

 

Tuberculosis

MS = Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

AN = caused by various species of Mycobacterium; GEN: prefer specifics; if unspecified as just "tuberculosis", TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY is probably the correct heading but check text carefully; tuberculid: index under TUBERCULOSIS, CUTANEOUS; /drug ther: consider also ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS; indexing policy: Manual 23.13.2

UI = D014376

 

Tuberculosis Societies

MS = Voluntary agencies concerned with prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

UI = D014378

 

Tuberculosis Vaccines

MS = Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.

UI = D032581

 

Tuberculosis, Avian

MS = A variety of TUBERCULOSIS affecting various birds, including chickens and ducks. It is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM and characterized by tubercles consisting principally of epithelioid cells.

AN = coord IM with BIRDS (NIM) or specific bird (IM)

UI = D014379

 

Tuberculosis, Bovine

MS = An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.

AN = caused by Mycobacterium bovis; don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL

UI = D014380

 

Tuberculosis, Cardiovascular

MS = Tuberculosis of the heart, pericardium, or blood vessels.

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ or organ /dis (IM)

UI = D014381

 

Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System

MS = Tuberculosis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL), most often caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and rarely by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The infection may be limited to the nervous system or coexist in other organs (e.g., TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY). The organism tends to seed the meninges causing a diffuse meningitis and leads to the formation of TUBERCULOMA, which may occur within the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal spaces. Tuberculous involvement of the vertebral column (TUBERCULOSIS, SPINAL) may result in nerve root or spinal cord compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-20)

AN = DF: TUBERCULOSIS CNS

UI = D020306

 

Tuberculosis, Cutaneous

MS = Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not lupus vulgaris, which is LUPUS.

UI = D014382

 

Tuberculosis, Endocrine

MS = Tuberculous infection of the endocrine glands.

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ /dis (IM)

UI = D014383

 

Tuberculosis, Female Genital

MS = Tuberculosis of the genitalia in women.

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ or organ /dis (IM)

UI = D014384

 

Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal

MS = Gastric and/or enteric tuberculosis. This condition is marked by spreading ulcers and diarrhea.

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ or organ /dis (IM)

UI = D014385

 

Tuberculosis, Hepatic

MS = Infection of the liver with tubercle bacilli producing localized granulomata, miliary lesions, or tuberculoma.

UI = D014386

 

Tuberculosis, Laryngeal

MS = Tuberculosis involving the larynx, producing ulceration of the vocal cords and laryngeal mucosa. It is commonly attended by hoarseness, cough, pain on swallowing, and hemoptysis.

UI = D014387

 

Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

MS = Infection of the lymph nodes by tuberculosis. Tuberculous infection of the cervical lymph nodes is scrofula.

AN = X ref SCROFULA in hist articles = KING'S EVIL: see MeSH definition there

UI = D014388

 

Tuberculosis, Male Genital

MS = Tuberculosis of the genitalia in men.

AN = IM; coord IM with specific organ or organ /dis (IM)

UI = D014389

 

Tuberculosis, Meningeal

MS = A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)

UI = D014390

 

Tuberculosis, Miliary

MS = An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.

UI = D014391

 

Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

MS = Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more antitubercular agents. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculosis as an opportunistic disease in HIV infection.

AN = IM; coord with specific type of tuberc (IM) + specific antituberc agents (IM or NIM)

UI = D018088

 

Tuberculosis, Ocular

MS = Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

AN = IM; coord IM with specific eye heading (IM) or eye dis heading (IM)

UI = D014392

 

Tuberculosis, Oral

MS = Tuberculosis of the mouth, tongue, and salivary glands.

AN = "tuberc of the mouth, tongue & salivary glands"; IM; coord IM with specific mouth, tongue or salivary gland heading (IM) or mouth, tongue or salivary dis heading (IM)

UI = D014393

 

Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular

MS = Tuberculosis of the bones or joints.

AN = IM; may be osteo- or artic; coord IM with specific bone or joint (IM) or bone or joint dis (IM)

UI = D014394

 

Tuberculosis, Peritoneal

MS = Tuberculosis of the serous lining of the abdomen.

UI = D014395

 

Tuberculosis, Pleural

MS = Tuberculosis of the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs.

UI = D014396

 

Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

MS = Tuberculosis of the lungs.

AN = referred to as just "tuberculosis": check text or x-ray plates; atypical Mycobact infect of lung = TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY (IM) + MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS, ATYPICAL (IM); DF: TUBERCULOSIS PULM

UI = D014397

 

Tuberculosis, Renal

MS = Infection of the kidney with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

UI = D014398

 

Tuberculosis, Spinal

MS = Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.

AN = IM; coord IM with specific vertebra (IM)

UI = D014399

 

Tuberculosis, Splenic

MS = Infection of the spleen with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

UI = D014400

 

Tuberculosis, Urogenital

MS = A general term for tuberculosis of the urinary and/or genital systems or urinary organs other than the kidney, which is TUBERCULOSIS, RENAL.

AN = IM; GEN or as coord IM for organs (IM) or organ/dis (IM) not covered as TUBERCULOSIS, FEMALE GENITAL or TUBERCULOSIS, MALE GENITAL or TUBERCULOSIS, RENAL

UI = D014401

 

Tuberous Sclerosis

MS = An autosomal dominant disorder which is generally classified as a phacomatosis. Pathologically, the condition is characterized by glial cell tumors which arise in the cerebral hemispheres and retina. There is an increased incidence of benign rhabdomyomas of the heart and angiomyolipomas of kidney, liver, lungs, thyroid, and testes. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; adenoma sebaceum of the face (actually angiofibromas); EPILEPSY; SPASMS; INFANTILE; Shagreen patches on the trunk; and subungual fibromas. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1011)

UI = D014402

 

Tubocurarine

MS = A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.

UI = D014403

 

Tubulin

MS = A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from sperm flagella, cilia, and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to colchicine, vincristine, and vinblastine.

AN = a nerve tissue protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D014404

 

Tubulina

MS = A suborder of ameboid protozoa characterized by a branched or unbranched cylindrical body and the absence of bidirectional cytoplasmic flow. Nuclear division is mesomitotic.

AN = a suborder of protozoa

UI = D016846

 

Tuftsin

MS = N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule.

AN = produced by spleen; stimulates phagocytosis

UI = D014405

 

Tularemia

MS = A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.

AN = caused by Francisella tularensis (formerly Pasteurella tularensis)

UI = D014406

 

Tulipa

MS = A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain tuliposides and tulipalins and have been associated with allergic contact dermatitis in florists.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031447

 

Tumor Cells, Cultured

MS = Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue for use in studying the proliferative and metabolic capacities of tumor cells, in predicting clinical responses to chemotherapy, in screening new antitumor agents, and in basic biological research. They include carcinoma cell lines.

AN = NIM; A 11 qualif; coord with histol type & organ/neopl precoord NIM unless identity of tissue & type are clinically significant; Manual 24.4.5+

UI = D014407

 

Tumor Escape

MS = The ability of tumors to evade destruction by the IMMUNE SYSTEM. Theories concerning possible mechanisms by which this takes place involve both cellular immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and humoral immunity (ANTIBODY FORMATION), and also costimulatory pathways related to CD28 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD28) and CD80 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD80).

UI = D019139

 

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

MS = A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.

AN = lymphoproliferative disord caused by anticancer drugs; coord IM with /etiol (not /chem ind) + anticancer drug /adv eff (IM) + required neopl coords /drug ther (IM or NIM) if pertinent

UI = D015275

 

Tumor Markers, Biological

MS = Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

AN = IM; coord with specific substance (IM) if pertinent; DF: TUMOR MARKERS; Manual 24.4.4.5

UI = D014408

 

Tumor Necrosis Factor

MS = Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share two receptors.

UI = D014409

 

Tumor Stem Cell Assay

MS = A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of tumor stem cells by assaying their activity. It is used primarily for the in vitro testing of antineoplastic agents.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl + precoord organ/neopl term (IM or NIM) if pertinent; DF: TCFU ASSAY

UI = D014410

 

Tumor Stem Cells

MS = Colony-forming cells which give rise to neoplasms.

AN = "colony-forming cells which give rise to neoplasms"; A 11 qualif

UI = D014411

 

Tumor Suppressor Proteins

MS = Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.

UI = D025521

 

Tumor Virus Infections

MS = Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.

AN = coord IM with specific oncogenic virus (IM)

UI = D014412

 

Tuna

MS = Common name for various species of large, vigorous ocean fishes in the family Scombridae.

AN = canned tuna = TUNA (IM) + FOOD PRESERVATION (IM)

UI = D014413

 

Tungsten

MS = Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.

AN = W-184; W-180, 182, 183, 186 = TUNGSTEN (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); W-176-179, 181, 185, 187-189 = TUNGSTEN (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D014414

 

Tungsten Compounds

MS = Inorganic compounds that contain tungsten as an integral part of the molecule.

AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: TUNGSTEN CPDS

UI = D017973

 

Tunica Intima

MS = The innermost coat of blood vessels, consisting of a thin lining of endothelial cells longitudinally oriented and continuous with the endothelium of capillaries on the one hand and the endocardium of the heart on the other.

AN = /pathol is more likely than "diseases of the tunica intima"; coord IM with specific blood vessel (IM)

UI = D017539

 

Tunica Media

MS = The middle coat of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.

AN = /pathol is more likely than "diseases of the tunica media"; coord IM with specific blood vessel (IM); /growth: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; /embryol: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT if pertinent

UI = D017540

 

Tunicamycin

MS = An N-acetylglycosamine containing antiviral antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lysosuperificus. It is also active against some bacteria and fungi, because it inhibits the glucosylation of proteins. Tunicamycin is used as tool in the study of microbial biosynthetic mechanisms.

AN = an antibiotic; do not use /biosyn unless by living matter

UI = D014415

 

Tunisia

MS = A republic in northern Africa between ALGERIA and LIBYA. Its capital is Tunis, which occupies the site of ancient Carthage. Tunisia became a French protectorate in 1881 but was reorganized in 1922. France recognized its independence in 1956. The country takes its name from the capital, which some authorities derive from the name of the Phoenician goddess Tanith, the meaning of which is uncertain. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1235 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p558)

AN = a republic in northern Africa

UI = D014416

 

Tupaia

MS = A genus of tree shrews of the family TUPAIIDAE which consists of about 12 species. One of the most frequently encountered species is T. glis. Members of this genus inhabit rain forests and secondary growth areas in southeast Asia.

AN = tree shrew; IM; qualif permitted

UI = D014417

 

Tupaiidae

MS = The only family of the order SCANDENTIA, variously included in the order Insectivora or in the order Primates, and often in the order Microscelidea, consisting of five genera. They are TUPAIA, Ananthana (Indian tree shrew), Dendrogale (small smooth-tailed tree shrew), Urogale (Mindanao tree shrew), and Ptilocercus (pen-tailed tree shrew). The tree shrews inhabit the forest areas of eastern Asia from India and southwestern China to Borneo and the Philippines.

AN = family of tree shrews; do not confuse X ref TREE SHREWS with SHREWS (insectivore); IM; qualif permitted

UI = D014418

 

Turbellaria

MS = A class of free-living freshwater flatworms of North America.

AN = a class of platyhelminths not usually parasitic

UI = D014419

 

Turbinates

MS = The scroll-like bony plates with curved margins on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

AN = fractures: coord TURBINATES /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM)

UI = D014420

 

Turkey

AN = the country, not TURKEYS

UI = D014421

 

Turkeys

AN = domestic or wild; IM; qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with POULTRY DISEASES (IM)

UI = D014422

 

Turkmenistan

UI = D014423

 

Turner Syndrome

MS = A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic women with a karyotype of sex chromosome monosomy (45,X or 45,XO), associated with the loss of a sex chromosome X or Y. Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated (streak) gonads, sexual infantilism (HYPOGONADISM), webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS (LH and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE) and decreased estradiol level in blood. Studies of Turner Syndrome and its variants have contributed significantly to the understanding of SEX DIFFERENTIATION.

AN = in females; TURNER SYNDROME, MALE see NOONAN SYNDROME is also available

UI = D014424

 

Turnera

MS = A plant genus of the family Turneraceae, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029647

 

Turpentine

MS = The concrete oleoresin obtained from Pinus palustris Mill. (Pinaceae) and other species of Pinus. It contains a volatile oil, to which its properties are due, and to which form it is generally used. (Dorland, 28th ed) Turpentine is used as a solvent and an experimental irritant in biomedical research. Turpentine toxicity is of medical interest.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D014425

 

Turtles

AN = sea turtles, fresh water turtles (terrapin), land turtles (tortoise); IM; qualif permitted

UI = D014426

 

Tussilago

MS = A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Flower buds contain farfaratin (SESQUITERPENES) and bisabolene epoxide.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031207

 

Twin Studies

MS = Methods of detecting genetic etiology in human traits. The basic premise of twin studies is that monozygotic twins, being formed by the division of a single fertilized ovum, carry identical genes, while dizygotic twins, being formed by the fertilization of two ova by two different spermatozoa, are genetically no more similar than two siblings born after separate pregnancies. (Last, J.M., A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

AN = an epidemiol technique for study of twins: do not confuse with articles on TWINS as persons or on specific or general DISEASES IN TWINS; IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific subject (IM) + TWINS (IM) or with specific dis (IM) + DISEASES IN TWINS (IM); do not confuse with Publication Type TWIN STUDY

UI = D018433

 

Twin Study [Publication Type]

MS = Work consisting of reporting using a method of detecting genetic causes in human traits and genetic factors in behavior using sets of twins.

AN = publication type only; an epidemiol method for study of twins; for twin studies as a subject, index under main heading TWIN STUDIES

UI = D018486

 

Twinning

MS = The division of a ZYGOTE into two parts, each of which is capable of further development.

AN = TWINS is also available

UI = D038522

 

Twins

AN = IM humans only; if pertinent, NIM for animals not usually giving birth to twins; relation to PREGNANCY: Manual 28.17.4, 34.14; TWINNING is also available

UI = D014427

 

Twins, Conjoined

AN = note category; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

UI = D014428

 

Twins, Dizygotic

MS = Two offspring produced in the same pregnancy from separate ova fertilized at the same time.

AN = two from separate ova; monozygotic = two from one ovum

UI = D014429

 

Twins, Monozygotic

MS = Two offspring developed from one fertilized ovum.

AN = two from one ovum; dizygotic = two from separate ova

UI = D014430

 

Two-Hybrid System Techniques

MS = Screening techniques used to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate complex interplay between proteins and other molecules.

UI = D020798

 

Tylenchida

MS = An order of nematodes consisting of many species which are plant parasites. Female worms lay eggs that hatch either in soil or in the host plant.

AN = an order of nematodes in plants; transmit plant viruses

UI = D017187

 

Tylenchoidea

MS = A superfamily of nematodes whose members are free-living saprophytes or parasites of plants. Ova are sometimes found in human feces after ingestion of infected plants.

AN = a superfamily of nematodes in plants & in man after ingestion of infected plants; infection: coord IM with SECERNENTEA INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D014431

 

Tylophora

MS = A plant genus of the family ASCLEPIADACEAE. Members contain phenanthro-indolizidine alkaloids.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031110

 

Tylosin

MS = Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.

AN = do not use /biosyn unless by living matter

UI = D015645

 

Tymovirus

MS = A group of plant viruses with a narrow host range that includes crucifers. Transmission occurs by beetles and mechanical inoculation.

AN = a group of mosaic viruses; from Turnip Yellow MOsaic virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)

UI = D017806

 

Tympanic Membrane

AN = do not confuse with TYMPANUM; /surg: consider MYRINGOPLASTY & TYMPANOPLASTY

UI = D014432

 

Tympanic Membrane Perforation

MS = An opening in the tympanic membrane usually caused by trauma. There are four general categories: compression injuries (the most common and usually the result of a blow to the ear); instrumentation injuries (the second most common, usually inadvertent, caused often by cotton swabs or bobby-pins); burn-slag injuries (frequently seen in industry, from hot metal from machines or welding); and blast injuries (usually seen during war or as a result of terrorist bombing). In the absence of infection, most traumatic tympanic membrane perforations heal spontaneously. Persistent perforation is usually a manifestation of tubotympanitis, an inflammation of the eustachian tube and tympanic cavity (middle ear). (From Paparella, Shumrick, Gluckman, and Meyerhoff: Otolaryngology, vol. II, 3d ed, pp1363-65)

AN = perf of eardrum; usually traumatic

UI = D018058

 

Tympanoplasty

MS = Surgical reconstruction of the hearing mechanism of the middle ear, with restoration of the drum membrane to protect the round window from sound pressure, and establishment of ossicular continuity between the tympanic membrane and the oval window. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

AN = surg reconstruction of hearing mechanism of middle ear; repair of tympanic membrane perforation = MYRINGOPLASTY; do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D014433

 

Type A Personality

MS = Established behavior pattern characterized by excessive drive and ambition, impatience, competitiveness, sense of time urgency, and poorly contained aggression.

AN = no qualif

UI = D014434

 

Typhaceae

MS = A plant family of the order Typhales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) that contains a single genus, Typha, that grows worldwide.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032401

 

Typhoid Fever

MS = An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.

UI = D014435

 

Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

MS = Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.

UI = D014436

 

Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne

MS = An infectious disease clinically similar to epidemic louse-borne typhus (TYPHUS, EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE), but caused by RICKETTSIA TYPHI, which is transmitted from rat to man by the rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis.

AN = caused by Rickettsia typhi

UI = D014437

 

Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne

MS = The classic form of typhus, caused by RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII, which is transmitted from man to man by the louse Pediculus humanus corporis. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of intense headache, malaise, and generalized myalgia followed by the formation of a macular skin eruption and vascular and neurologic disturbances.

AN = caused by Rickettsia prowazekii

UI = D014438

 

Tyramine

MS = An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.

AN = a biogenic amine

UI = D014439

 

Tyrocidine

MS = An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.

AN = a tyrothricin antibiotic

UI = D014440

 

Tyropanoate

MS = A diagnostic aid as a radiopaque medium in cholecystography.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D014441

 

Tyrosine

MS = A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE, THYROID HORMONES, and melanin.

AN = /blood: consider also TYROSINEMIAS

UI = D014443

 

Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxygen to 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, dihydrobiopterin, and water. EC 1.14.16.2.

UI = D014446

 

Tyrosine Decarboxylase

MS = A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to tyramine and carbon dioxide. The bacterial enzyme also acts on 3-hydroxytyrosine and, more slowly, on 3-hydroxyphenylalanine. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.1.25.

UI = D014445

 

Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein. The enzyme also forms pyruvate from D-tyrosine, L-cysteine, S-methyl-L-cysteine, L-serine, and D-serine, although at a slower rate. EC 4.1.99.2.

UI = D014447

 

Tyrosine Transaminase

MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-TYROSINE and 2-oxoglutarate to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and L-GLUTAMATE. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein. L-PHENYLALANINE is hydroxylated to L-tyrosine. The mitochondrial enzyme may be identical with ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES (EC 2.6.1.1.). Deficiency of this enzyme may cause type II Tyrosinemia (see TYROSINEMIAS). EC 2.6.1.5.

AN = /defic: consider also TYROSINEMIAS

UI = D014444

 

Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase

MS = An enzyme that activates tyrosine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.1.

UI = D014448

 

Tyrosinemias

MS = A group of disorders which have in common elevations of tyrosine in the blood and urine secondary to an enzyme deficiency. Type I tyrosinemia features episodic weakness, self-mutilation, hepatic necrosis, renal tubular injury, and seizures and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetase. Type II tyrosinemia features mental retardation, painful corneal ulcers, and keratoses of the palms and plantar surfaces and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE. Type III tyrosinemia features mental retardation and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp42-3)

AN = note X refs: consider also TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE /defic or other enzymes /defic

UI = D020176

 

Tyrothricin

MS = A polypeptide antibiotic mixture obtained from Bacillus brevis. It consists of a mixture of three tyrocidines (60%) and several gramicidins (20%) and is very toxic to blood, liver, kidneys, meninges, and the olfactory apparatus. It is used topically.

UI = D014449

 

Tyrphostins

MS = A family of synthetic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. They selectively inhibit receptor autophosphorylation and are used to study receptor function.

UI = D020032