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Index of Diseases
L
Labor Complications
Definition: Medical problems associated with labor including cephalopelvic disproportion, hemorrhage, FETAL DISTRESS, or other disorders. Annotation: check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; DF: LABOR COMPL ID#: D007744Labor, Premature
Definition: Onset of labor before term but after the fetus has become viable, usually sometime during the 29th through 38th week of gestation. Annotation: "tokolysis": translate as "tocolysis" & index as TOCOLYSIS; eff of drugs on premature labor: consider also TOCOLYTIC AGENTS; check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY ID#: D007752Laboratory Infection
Definition: Accidentally acquired infection in laboratory workers. Annotation: "accidentally acquired infect in laboratory"; IM; coord with specific infection (IM) + lab animal (IM) ID#: D007757Labyrinth Diseases
Definition: Annotation: inflamm dis = LABYRINTHITIS ID#: D007759Labyrinthitis
Definition: Inflammation of the inner ear. Annotation: inflamm of inner ear ID#: D007762Lacerations
Definition: Torn, ragged, mangled wounds. Annotation: ID#: D022125Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
Definition: Diseases of the lacrimal apparatus. Annotation: inflamm dis = DACRYOCYSTITIS ID#: D007766Lacrimal Duct Obstruction
Definition: Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250) Annotation: ID#: D007767Lactation Disorders
Definition: Disturbances of milk secretion in either sex, not necessarily related to pregnancy. Annotation: in both sexes & not necessarily related to pregn; usually check tag FEMALE ID#: D007775Lactose Intolerance
Definition: The disease state resulting from the absence of lactase enzyme in the musocal cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore an inability to break down the disaccharide lactose in milk for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. It is manifested by indigestion of a mild nature to severe diarrhea. It may be due to inborn defect genetically conditioned or may be acquired. Annotation: an inborn error of carbohydrate metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D007787Lafora Disease
Definition: A form of stimulus sensitive myoclonic epilepsy inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. The most common presenting feature is a single seizure in the second decade of life. This is followed by progressive myoclonus, myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, focal occipital seizures, intellectual decline, and severe motor and coordination impairments. Most affected individuals do not live past the age of 25 years. Concentric amyloid (Lafora) bodies are found in neurons, liver, skin, bone, and muscle (From Menkes, Textbook of Childhood Neurology, 5th ed, pp111-110) Annotation: ID#: D020192Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Definition: An autoimmune disease characterized by weakness and fatigability of proximal muscles, particularly of the pelvic girdle, lower extremities, trunk, and shoulder girdle. There is relative sparing of extraocular and bulbar muscles. CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL of the lung is a frequently associated condition, although other malignancies and autoimmune diseases may be associated. Muscular weakness results from impaired impulse transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Presynaptic calcium channel dysfunction leads to a reduced amount of acetylcholine being released in response to stimulation of the nerve. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 1471) Annotation: ID#: D015624Lameness, Animal
Definition: A departure from the normal gait in animals. Annotation: coord IM with precoord animal/dis term (IM) + animal (NIM); don't forget also check tag ANIMAL ID#: D007794Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
Definition: A syndrome characterized by the onset of isolated language dysfunction in otherwise normal children (age of onset 4-7 years) and epileptiform discharges on ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY. Seizures, including atypical absence (EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), complex partial (EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL), and other types may occur. The electroencephalographic abnormalities and seizures tend to resolve by puberty. The language disorder may also resolve although some individuals are left with severe language dysfunction, including APHASIA and auditory AGNOSIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp749-50; J Child Neurol 1997 Nov;12(8):489-495) Annotation: ID#: D018887Langer-Giedion Syndrome
Definition: Autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cone-shaped epiphyses in the hands and multiple cartilaginous exostoses. Mental retardation and abnormalities of chromosome 8 are often present. The exostoses in this syndrome appear identical to those of hereditary multiple exostoses (EXOSTOSES, HEREDITARY MULTIPLE). Annotation: an osteochondrodysplasia ID#: D015826Language Development Disorders
Definition: Conditions characterized by language abilities (comprehension and expression of speech and writing) that are below the expected level for a given age, generally in the absence of an intellectual impairment. These conditions may be associated with DEAFNESS; BRAIN DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; or environmental factors. Annotation: do not confuse with LANGUAGE DISORDERS, disord of use or comprehension of language: LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS is "failure to understand or speak the language at the expected age"; DF: LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DIS ID#: D007805Language Disorders
Definition: Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders. Annotation: /ther: consider also LANGUAGE THERAPY; do not confuse with SPEECH DISORDERS: read differentiation of LANGUAGE & SPEECH under LANGUAGE; do not confuse with LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS: see note there ID#: D007806Larva Migrans
Definition: Infections caused by nematode larvae which never develop into the adult stage and migrate through various body tissues. They commonly infect the skin, eyes, and viscera in man. Ancylostoma brasiliensis causes cutaneous larva migrans. Toxocara causes visceral larva migrans. Annotation: note category: a disease; restrict this dis to nematode infections; Ancylostoma brasiliensis causes cutaneous larva migrans, Toxocara causes visceral ID#: D007815Larva Migrans, Visceral
Definition: A condition produced in man by the prolonged migration of animal nematode larvae in extraintestinal tissues other than skin; characterized by persistent hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and frequently pneumonitis, commonly caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. Annotation: note category: a disease; in human only, caused by Toxocara: coord IM with TOXOCARA CANIS (IM) if caused by T. canis but not with TOXOCARA if by T. cati; in animal probably = TOXOCARIASIS ID#: D007816Laryngeal Diseases
Definition: Disorders of the larynx, general or unspecified. Annotation: inflamm dis = LARYNGITIS; laryngocele: index under LARYNX /abnorm ID#: D007818Laryngeal Edema
Definition: Edema of any region of the larynx from a variety of causes. In the earliest stages it may be difficult to differentiate from infection, although mucosal injection and erythema are found more often in the latter. Allergic edema may result as a response from provocation induced by foods, inhalants, and drugs. The entire respiratory tract or only an isolated portion of the larynx may be affected. Laryngeal edema may also be hereditary. Other possible causes of laryngeal edema include increased capillary pressure due to superior vena cava syndrome, internal jugular vein ligation, lowered plasma osmotic failure induced by renal failure, impaired lymphatic flow, and increased capillary permeability to proteins. (From Paparella et al., Otolaryngology, 3d ed, p2253) Annotation: ID#: D007819Laryngeal Neoplasms
Definition: Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS, EPIGLOTTIS, LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES, LARYNGEAL MUSCLES, and VOCAL CORDS. Annotation: coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); laryngeal polyps = LARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (IM) + POLYPS (IM) ID#: D007822Laryngismus
Definition: Spasm of the larynx. Annotation: "spasm of the larynx": note X ref ID#: D007826Laryngitis
Definition: Inflammation of the larynx. This condition presents itself with dryness and soreness of the throat, difficulty in swallowing, cough, and hoarseness. Annotation: ID#: D007827Laryngostenosis
Definition: Stricture or narrowing of the larynx. This condition may be developmental or acquired; with progressive respiratory difficulty as a symptom. Annotation: narrowing or stricture of larynx; do not confuse with spasmodic closure ( = LARYNGOSPASM or LARYNGISMUS) ID#: D007829Lassa Fever
Definition: An acute febrile human disease caused by the LASSA VIRUS. Annotation: a hemorrhagic fever caused by an arenavirus ID#: D007835Lateral Medullary Syndrome
Definition: Infarction of the dorsolateral aspect of the medulla due to occlusion of the vertebral artery and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of infarction, but may include loss of pain and temperature sensation in the ipsilateral face and contralateral body below the chin; ipsilateral HORNER SYNDROME; ipsilateral ATAXIA; DYSARTHRIA; VERTIGO; nausea, hiccup; dysphagia; and VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p801) Annotation: ID#: D014854Lateral Sinus Thrombosis
Definition: Infectious or noninfectious thrombosis of the lateral sinus of the brain. Septic thrombosis may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA or MASTOIDITIS. CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; THROMBOPHILIA; and other conditions may result in non-septic thrombosis. Clinical manifestations include headache, vertigo, and increased intracranial pressure. Extension of the thrombus into adjacent venous structures may result in INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES or SEIZURES. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch23, pp60-8) Annotation: ID#: D020227Latex Hypersensitivity
Definition: Allergic reaction to products containing processed natural rubber latex such as rubber gloves, condoms, catheters, dental dams, balloons, and sporting equipment. Both T-cell mediated (HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED) and IgE antibody-mediated (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE) allergic responses are possible. Delayed hypersensitivity results from exposure to antioxidants present in the rubber; immediate hypersensitivity results from exposure to a latex protein. Annotation: coord with HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE or HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED if pertinent ID#: D020315Lathyrism
Definition: A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially beta-aminopropionitrile, found in the seeds of plants of the genus Lathyrus (see FABACEAE). Annotation: if nitrile-induced, index also under the nitrile, probably NIM ID#: D007842Laurence-Moon Syndrome
Definition: An autosomal recessive condition characterized by hypogonadism; spinocerebellar degeneration; MENTAL RETARDATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; and OBESITY. This syndrome was previously referred to as Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome until BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME was identified as a distinct entity. (From N Engl J Med. 1989 Oct 12;321(15):1002-9) Annotation: note X ref: do not confuse with LAURENCE-MOON-BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME see BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME ID#: D007849Lead Poisoning
Definition: Annotation: occup lead pois: coord IM with OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES (IM) but not also ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE (see note there); in infant or child = LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD; in adolescent or adult, consider also LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT ID#: D007855Lead Poisoning, Nervous System
Definition: Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy. Annotation: prefer specifics: in infant or child = LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD; in adolescent or adult = LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT ID#: D020263Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult
Definition: Neurologic conditions in adults associated with acute or chronic exposure to lead or any of its salts. The most common lead related neurologic syndrome in adults consists of a polyneuropathy involving motor fibers. This tends to affect distal nerves and may present as wrist drop due to RADIAL NEUROPATHY. Additional features of chronic lead exposure include ANEMIA; CONSTIPATION; colicky abdominal pain; a bluish lead line of the gums; interstitial nephritis (NEPHRITIS, INTERSTITIAL); and saturnine gout. An encephalopathy may rarely occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1212) Annotation: includes adolescent as well as adult; coord with specific nervous system symptoms if emphasized ID#: D020265Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood
Definition: Neurologic disorders occurring in children following lead exposure. The most frequent manifestation of childhood lead toxicity is an encephalopathy associated with chronic ingestion of lead that usually presents between the ages of 1 and 3 years. Clinical manifestations include behavioral changes followed by lethargy; CONVULSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; DELIRIUM; ATAXIA; and vomiting. Elevated intracranial pressure (HYPERTENSION, INTRACRANIAL) and CEREBRAL EDEMA may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1210-2) Annotation: includes infant as well as child; coord with specific nervous system symptoms if emphasized ID#: D020264Lecithin Acyltransferase Deficiency
Definition: A disease characterized by deficiency or low levels of plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase. Clinical manifestations include corneal opacity, anemia, and proteinuria. Annotation: a hypolipoproteinemia; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D007863Leg Dermatoses
Definition: A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Annotation: GEN & as coord for specific skin diseases of the leg but not as coord for neoplasms on the leg (use neopl coords (IM) with LEG (IM); consider synonym for leg dermatitis & do not add DERMATITIS unless one of the specific DERMATITIS terms in MeSH ID#: D007868Leg Injuries
Definition: General or unspecified injuries involving the leg. Annotation: GEN or unspecified; consider also /inj with specific parts of the leg; /vet permitted for non-primates ID#: D007869Leg Length Inequality
Definition: A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery. Annotation: correction of inequality: coord IM with BONE LENGTHENING (IM) or specifically ILIZAROV TECHNIQUE (IM) if pertinent ID#: D007870Leg Ulcer
Definition: Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes. Annotation: if varicose, index instead under VARICOSE ULCER; FOOT ULCER is also available ID#: D007871Legg-Perthes Disease
Definition: A particular type of FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS occurring in children, mainly male, with a course of four years or so. Annotation: a type of femur head necrosis ID#: D007873Legionellosis
Definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA. Annotation: gram-neg bact infect by any species of Legionella except L. pneumophila ( = LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE) ID#: D007876Legionnaires' Disease
Definition: An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion. Annotation: caused by Legionella pneumophila: infect by other Legionella species = LEGIONELLOSIS ID#: D007877Leigh Disease
Definition: A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850). Annotation: ID#: D007888Leiomyoma
Definition: A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the uterus and the gastrointestinal tract but can occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. Annotation: solitary; multiple = LEIOMYOMATOSIS; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); for X refs FIBROID UTERUS; FIBROIDS, UTERINE & FIBROMA, UTERINE: coord with UTERINE NEOPLASMS (IM) ID#: D007889Leiomyoma, Epithelioid
Definition: A relatively rare smooth muscle tumor found most frequently in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the stomach. It is similar to other smooth muscle tumors but may become very large and hemorrhage and exhibit small cystic areas. Simple excision is almost always curative. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1354) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018230Leiomyomatosis
Definition: The state of having multiple leiomyomas throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed) Annotation: multiple; solitary = LEIOMYOMA; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) if relevant ID#: D018231Leiomyosarcoma
Definition: A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D007890Leishmaniasis
Definition: A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). Annotation: protozoan infect; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; American leishmaniasis is LEISHMANIASIS, AMERICAN see LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS; tegumentary leishmaniasis = LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS ID#: D007896Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
Definition: An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes. Annotation: caused by L. aethiopica, L. braziliensis, L. major, L. mexicana or L. tropica; LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS & LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS are also available ID#: D016773Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous
Definition: A form of LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS caused by Leishmania aethiopica in Ethiopia and Kenya, L. pifanoi in Venezuela, L. braziliensis in South America, and L. mexicana in Central America. This disease is characterized by massive dissemination of skin lesions without visceral involvement. Annotation: caused by L. aethiopica, L. braziliensis, L. mexicana or L. pifanoi; see MeSH definition for locales ID#: D016774Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous
Definition: A disease characterized by the chronic, progressive spread of lesions from New World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by species of the L. braziliensis complex to the nasal, pharyngeal, and buccal mucosa some time after the appearance of the initial cutaneous lesion. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are frequent presenting symptoms. Annotation: caused by Leishmania braziliensis or L. guyanensis ID#: D007897Leishmaniasis, Visceral
Definition: A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African. Annotation: caused by L. donovani or L. infantum ID#: D007898Lens Diseases
Definition: Annotation: GEN or unspecified only: prefer specifics ID#: D007905Lens Subluxation
Definition: Incomplete rupture of the zonule with the displaced lens remaining behind the pupil. In dislocation, or complete rupture, the lens is displaced forward into the anterior chamber or backward into the vitreous body. When congenital, this condition is known as ECTOPIA LENTIS. Annotation: spontaneous or traumatic; luxation = total disloc, subluxation = partial disloc ID#: D007906Lentigo
Definition: Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome). Annotation: a form of melanosis ID#: D007911Lentivirus Infections
Definition: Virus diseases caused by the Lentivirus genus. They are multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection. Annotation: caused by a retrovirus; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics ID#: D016180Leprosy
Definition: A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid. Annotation: caused by Mycobacterium leprae; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; rat leprosy = MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS (IM) + MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAEMURIUM (IM); /drug ther: consider also LEPROSTATIC AGENTS; ENL (erythema nodosum leprosum): see note at LEPROSY, LEPROMATOUS ID#: D007918Leprosy, Borderline
Definition: A form of LEPROSY in which there are clinical manifestations of both principal types (lepromatous and tuberculoid). The disease may shift toward one of these two polar or principal forms. Annotation: ID#: D015439Leprosy, Lepromatous
Definition: A chronic communicable infection which is a principal or polar form of LEPROSY. This disorder is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE and produces diffuse granulomatous skin lesions in the form of nodules, macules, or papules. The peripheral nerves are involved symmetrically and neural sequelae occur in the advanced stage. Annotation: erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL): index under LEPROSY, LEPROMATOUS (IM) + ERYTHEMA NODOSUM (IM) ID#: D015440Leprosy, Tuberculoid
Definition: A principal or polar form of LEPROSY in which the skin lesions are few and are sharply demarcated. Peripheral nerve involvement is pronounced and may be severe. Unlike lepromatous leprosy (LEPROSY, LEPROMATOUS), the lepromin test is positive. Tuberculoid leprosy is rarely a source of infection to others. Annotation: ID#: D015441Leptospirosis
Definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA. Annotation: gram-neg bact infect; a spirochete infect ID#: D007922Leriche's Syndrome
Definition: A syndrome caused by obstruction of the terminal aorta. It usually occurs in males and is characterized by fatigue in the hips, thighs, or calves on exercising, absence of pulsation in the femoral arteries, impotence, and often pallor and coldness of the lower limbs. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: obstruction of terminal aorta ID#: D007925Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Definition: An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127) Annotation: ID#: D007926Letterer-Siwe Disease
Definition: Acute, disseminated, rapidly progressive form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. Annotation: a Langerhans-cell histiocytosis ID#: D007929Leukemia
Definition: A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. It is classified according to degree of cell differentiation as acute or chronic, and according to predominant type of cell involved as myelogenous or lymphocytic. (Dorland, 28th ed) Annotation: note all the leukemia terms & cross-refs for the many types of leukemia; if not here, check Tumor Manual or Tumor Key; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; radiation-induced = LEUKEMIA, RADIATION-INDUCED; leukemic infiltration = LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION but see note there ID#: D007938Leukemia L1210
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct /vet ID#: D007939Leukemia L5178
Definition: An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice. Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct /vet ID#: D007940Leukemia P388
Definition: An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene. Annotation: ID#: D007941Leukemia, B-Cell
Definition: Annotation: GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015448Leukemia, B-Cell, Acute
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: note short X ref B-ALL ID#: D015450Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015451Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015471Leukemia, CALLA-Positive
Definition: Acute leukemia in which lymphocytes are positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA). Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; CALLA stands for "common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen" or "common ALL antigen" ( = CALLA see NEPRILYSIN) ID#: D015453Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015472Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
Definition: A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; Friend erythroleukemia cells: coord IM with FRIEND MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS (IM) + TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED (NIM) ID#: D004915Leukemia, Experimental
Definition: Leukemia induced experimentally by administration of various leukemogenic agents, viruses, radiation or transplantation. Annotation: includes infection by oncogenic leukoviruses or leukemia viruses (NIM); do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: LEUKEMIA EXPER ID#: D007942Leukemia, Feline
Definition: A neoplastic disease of cats frequently associated with feline leukemia virus infection. Annotation: caused by a retrovirus; don't forget also CATS (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL ID#: D016582Leukemia, Hairy Cell
Definition: A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of "hairy" or "flagellated" cells in the blood and bone marrow. Annotation: "hairy" refers to flagellated appearance of the lymphoreticular cells; since the dis is chronic, do not coord with CHRONIC DISEASE; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; consider also LEUKEMIA, T-CELL, HTLV-II-ASSOCIATED ID#: D007943Leukemia, Lymphocytic
Definition: Leukemia associated with hyperplasia and overactivity of the lymphoid tissue. There are increased numbers of circulating malignant lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. (Dorland, 28th ed, p919) Annotation: GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D007945Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute
Definition: Lymphocytic leukemia where cells show little differentiation. There are three major subgroups (FAB L1, L2, & L3) based on distinguishing characteristics of the blast cells. Adult and childhood forms of the disease show biological differences as well. Annotation: GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics ID#: D015447Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; don't forget CHILD check tags; DF: note short X ref ALL, CHILDHOOD ID#: D015454Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2
Definition: Annotation: note X ref on Philadelphia-positive: LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, PHILADELPHIA-POSITIVE is also available; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015455Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015462Leukemia, Mast-Cell
Definition: A disorder characterized by the presence of large numbers of tissue mast cells in the peripheral blood. Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D007946Leukemia, Megakaryocytic, Acute
Definition: Nonlymphocytic leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. Myelofibrosis or increased bone marrow reticulin is common. Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D007947Leukemia, Mixed-Cell
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015456Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D007948Leukemia, Monocytic, Chronic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015476Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute
Definition: Progressive, malignant disease of the myeloid tissue in which the granular, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their precursors predominate. Annotation: GEN; note X refs for when specified as M1 or M2; for M3-M7 use MeSH see refs at LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACUTE, M3, etc., but when author uses term "acute myeloid leukemia" without specifying M1-M7, index under LEUKEMIA, MYELOID (IM) + ACUTE DISEASE (NIM); do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D007950Leukemia, Myeloid
Definition: Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors in the bone marrow and other sites. Annotation: GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D007951Leukemia, Myeloid, Aggressive-Phase
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: CML AGGRESSIVE ID#: D015465Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015464Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: CML CHRONIC ID#: D015466Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Negative
Definition: Annotation: "Philadelphia" refers to the Philadelphia chromosome; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: LEUKEMIA PHILA NEG ID#: D015468Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive
Definition: Annotation: "Philadelphia" refers to the Philadelphia chromosome; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: LEUKEMIA PHILA POS ID#: D015469Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015479Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015477Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015467Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute
Definition: Acute leukemia distinguished from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) by the morphology of the marrow and blood leukemic cells. Cytoplasmic granules are usually present and the nucleus is usually large and irregular. ANLL is more common in adults than ALL and occurs at any age. Annotation: GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: note short X ref ANLL ID#: D015470Leukemia, Null-Cell
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015457Leukemia, Plasmacytic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D007952Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015452Leukemia, Prolymphocytic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015463Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015473Leukemia, Radiation-Induced
Definition: Annotation: coord IM with specific type of LEUKEMIA (IM); do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; policy: Manual 24.4.3.2 ID#: D007953Leukemia, Subleukemic
Definition: A form of leukemia that occurs without elevated levels of leukocytes within the blood. Lesions containing abnormal leukocytes can be found within tissues. Annotation: coord IM with specific type of LEUKEMIA (IM) ID#: D007954Leukemia, T-Cell
Definition: A subtype of lymphocytic leukemia classified as acute or chronic depending on the degree of cell differentiation, not the duration of the disease. Annotation: GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics ID#: D015458Leukemia, T-Cell, Acute
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: note short X ref T-ALL ID#: D015459Leukemia, T-Cell, Chronic
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015461Leukemia, T-Cell, HTLV-II-Associated
Definition: Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D015446Leukemia-Lymphoma, T-Cell, Acute, HTLV-I-Associated
Definition: Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa. Annotation: ID#: D015460Leukemic Infiltration
Definition: A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site. Annotation: IM; coord with organ /pathol (IM) (not the precoord organ/neopl term) + the specific type of leukemia /pathol (IM), as "leukemic infiltration of the skin in lymphocytic leukemia" = LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION (IM) + SKIN /pathol (IM) (not SKIN NEOPLASMS) + LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC /pathol (IM); Manual 24.4.1.2 ID#: D017254Leukemoid Reaction
Definition: A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: extreme leukocytosis resembling leukemia ID#: D007955Leukocyte Disorders
Definition: Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells. Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: LEUKOCYTE DIS ID#: D007960Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome
Definition: Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. The syndrome is characterized by abnormal adhesion-dependent functions, especially defective tissue emigration of neutrophils, leading to recurrent infection. Annotation: an immunol defic syndrome; DF: LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFIC SYNDROME ID#: D018370Leukocytosis
Definition: A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. Annotation: coord with type of white cell and body fluid, using available subheadings when appropriate ID#: D007964Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell
Definition: An autosomal recessive inherited sphingolipidosis caused by a deficiency of GALACTOSYLCERAMIDASE leading to an accumulation of PSYCHOSINE in LYSOSOMES of the BRAIN; PERIPHERAL NERVES; LIVER; KIDNEY; and LEUKOCYTES. In the nervous sytem there is prominent central and peripheral demyelination. The infantile form presents at age 4-6 months with psychomotor retardation, MUSCLE SPASTICITY, and tonic spasms induced by minor stimuli. Death occurs within two years. Later onset forms of this disease are characterized by a less fulminant course. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp195-7) Annotation: ID#: D007965Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic
Definition: An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to an accumulation of cerebroside sulfate in the nervous system and other organs. Pathologic features include diffuse demyelination and metachromatically-staining granules within glial cells, macrophages, and free in tissue. Clinical subtypes include late infantile, juvenile, and adult forms. The late infantile form presents at 12-18 months of age with progressive psychomotor retardation, ATAXIA, spasticity, and OPTIC ATROPHY. The juvenile form has onset at 4-12 years and features behavioral alterations and ataxia followed by spasticity, DEMENTIA, and visual loss. The adult form presents in the second decade or later with psychiatric manifestations, gait difficulties, and less often as a peripheral neuropathy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp192-5) Annotation: ID#: D007966Leukoedema, Oral
Definition: A disorder of the buccal mucosa resembling early leukoplakia, characterized by the presence of filmy opalescence of the mucosa in the early stages to a whitish gray cast with a coarsely wrinkled surface in the later stages, associated with intracellular edema of the spinous or malpighian layer. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: disord of buccal mucosa ID#: D007967Leukoencephalitis, Acute Hemorrhagic
Definition: A fulminant and often fatal demyelinating disease of the brain which primarily affects young adults and children. Clinical features include the rapid onset of weakness, SEIZURES, and COMA. It may follow a viral illness or MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE infections but in most instances there is no precipitating event. Pathologic examination reveals marked perivascular demyelination and necrosis of white matter with microhemorrhages. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp924-5) Annotation: DF: LEUKOENCEPH ACUTE HEMOR ID#: D004684Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
Definition: An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7) Annotation: DF: LEUKOENCEPH PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL ID#: D007968Leukomalacia, Periventricular
Definition: Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and COGNITIVE DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1) Annotation: periventricular refers to the cerebral ventricles ID#: D007969Leukopenia
Definition: Annotation: decrease in no. of leukocytes ID#: D007970Leukoplakia
Definition: A white patch on a mucous membrane that will not rub off. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: a precancerous condition; coord IM with organ /neoplasms term (IM) ID#: D007971Leukoplakia, Hairy
Definition: Epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa associated with Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) and found almost exclusively in persons with HIV infection. The lesion consists of a white patch that is often corrugated or hairy. Annotation: a form of oral leukoplakia seen in HIV infect; do not confuse with TONGUE, HAIRY ID#: D017733Leukoplakia, Oral
Definition: A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY). Annotation: neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted ID#: D007972Leukorrhea
Definition: A whitish, viscid discharge from the vagina and uterine cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: white vaginal discharge ID#: D007973Leukostasis
Definition: Abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. This acute syndrome requires aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukophoresis. It is differentiated from LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION which is a neoplastic process where leukemic cells invade organs. Annotation: note category: abnorm intravasc leukocyte aggreg ID#: D018921Levocardia
Definition: Location of heart in left hemithorax with apex pointing to the left, but with situs inversus of other viscera and defects of the heart, or corrected transposition of great vessels. Annotation: heart in left hemithorax; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D007979Leydig Cell Tumor
Definition: The most common nongerminal tumor of the testis, derived from the Leydig cells. It is rarely malignant. This tumor appears among 1-3% of testicular tumors and although they may be seen in children, the median age of appearance is 60 years. They are sometimes seen in women as ovarian tumors. Clinically, symptoms are usually related to the endocrine abnormalities induced by this tumor. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1597) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS (IM) in male or OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM) if in female ID#: D007984Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Definition: Rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms at multiple sites. A point mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene apparently predisposes family members who inherit it to develop certain cancers. Annotation: a multiple neopl syndrome; do not use /blood supply /chem /congen /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D016864Lice Infestations
Definition: Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed) Annotation: coord IM with specific louse (IM); head lice: coord IM with SCALP DERMATOSES (IM) and PEDICULUS (IM) ID#: D010373Lichen Nitidus
Definition: A chronic inflammatory disease characterized by shiny, flat-topped, usually flesh-colored micropapules no larger than the head of a pin. Lesions are localized in the early stages, found chiefly on the lower abdomen, penis, and inner surface of the thighs. Distribution may become generalized as the disease progresses. Annotation: a skin dis, not a plant ID#: D017513Lichen Planus
Definition: An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a "saw-tooth" pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown. Annotation: a skin dis; sometimes called simply "lichen": check text & its bibliog; lichen planus atrophicus: index here & do not confuse with LICHEN SCLEROSUS ET ATROPHICUS ID#: D008010Lichen Planus, Oral
Definition: Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry) Annotation: alone or with cutaneous lichen planus ID#: D017676Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Definition: A chronic, atrophic skin disease characterized by white, angular, flat, well-defined, indurated papules with an erythematous halo and follicular, black, keratotic plugs. It is the most common cause of kraurosis vulvae in females and balanitis xerotica obliterans in males. It is called also white spot disease and Csillag's disease. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: a skin dis; do not confuse with lichen planus atrophicus (index under LICHEN PLANUS); DF: note short X ref ID#: D018459Lichenoid Eruptions
Definition: Conditions in which there is histological damage to the lower epidermis along with a grouped chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis disturbing the interface between the epidermis and dermis. LICHEN PLANUS is the prototype of all lichenoid eruptions. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p398) Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics ID#: D017512Lightning Injuries
Definition: Accidental injuries caused by brief high-voltage electrical discharges during thunderstorms. Cardiopulmonary arrest, coma and other neurologic symptoms, myocardial necrosis, and dermal burns are common. Prompt treatment of the acute sequelae, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is indicated for survival. Annotation: DF: LIGHTNING INJ ID#: D015168Limb Deformities, Congenital
Definition: Congenital structural deformities of the upper and lower extremities collectively or unspecified. Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer ARM or its parts /abnorm or its specifics & LEG or its parts /abnorm or its specifics; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: LIMB DEFORMITIES CONGEN ID#: D017880Limbic Encephalitis
Definition: A paraneoplastic syndrome marked by degeneration of neurons in the medial temporal lobe. Clinical features include behavioral changes, HALLUCINATIONS, loss of short term memory, anosmia, AGEUSIA, and DEMENTIA. Circulating anti-neuronal antibodies (anti-Hu; also called ANNA 1) and small cell lung carcinomas are frequently associated with this condition. (From Pathologe 1997 Sep;18(5):406-10; J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1996 Sep;2(5):460-6; Brain 1997 Jun;120(Pt 6):923-8) Annotation: DF: LIMBIC ENCEPH ID#: D020363Linitis Plastica
Definition: A condition where the stomach wall becomes thickened, rubbery and loses its ability to distend. The stomach assumes a "leather bottle" shape. It is most often seen in adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The term is often used synonymously with diffuse adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Annotation: neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with STOMACH NEOPLASMS (IM) ID#: D008039Lip Diseases
Definition: Annotation: inflamm dis = CHEILITIS ID#: D008047Lip Neoplasms
Definition: Tumors or cancer of the LIP. Annotation: coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM) ID#: D008048Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Definition: Annotation: do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; coord IM with specific lipid /metab (IM); DF: LIPID METAB INBORN ERR ID#: D008052Lipodystrophy
Definition: A collection of rare conditions resulting from defective fat metabolism and characterized by atrophy of the subcutaneous fat. They include total, congenital or acquired, partial, abdominal infantile, and localized lipodystrophy. Annotation: atrophy of subcutaneous fat ID#: D008060Lipoidosis
Definition: A disturbance of lipid metabolism with abnormal deposit of lipids in the cells. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: an inborn error of lipid metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D008064Lipoidproteinosis
Definition: A familial disease occurring in the course of latent diabetes, marked by yellowish nodules on the skin and mucosae, keratotic lesions on the extremities, and hoarseness due to faulty lipid metabolism. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: a lipoidosis; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D008065Lipoma
Definition: A benign tumor composed of fat cells. Annotation: solitary; multiple = LIPOMATOSIS; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D008067Lipomatosis
Definition: A disorder consisting of the accumulation of abnormal localized, or tumor-like fat in the tissues. Annotation: solitary is probably LIPOMA which is neoplastic; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/dis term (IM) if relevant; LIPOMATOSIS, MULTIPLE SYMMETRICAL is also available ID#: D008068Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical
Definition: Multiple circumscribed or encapsulated lipomas which may be distributed symmetrically or haphazardly or which may form a collar around the neck. Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct ID#: D008069Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency, Familial
Definition: A rare familial condition characterized by massive chylomicronemia and decreased levels of other lipoproteins. It is due to deficiency of lipoprotein lipase, an alkaline triglyceride hydrolase which catalyzes an important step in the extrahepatic removal of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the blood. Annotation: do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D008072Liposarcoma
Definition: A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D008080Liposarcoma, Myxoid
Definition: A liposarcoma containing myxomatous tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018208Listeria Infections
Definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus LISTERIA. Annotation: gram-pos bact infect; Listeria monocytogenes infection = LISTERIA INFECTIONS & do not bother to coord with LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; MENINGITIS, LISTERIA is available ID#: D008088Lithiasis
Definition: A condition characterized by the formation of CALCULI and concretions in the hollow organs or ducts of the body. They occur most often in the gallbladder, kidney, and lower urinary tract. Annotation: prefer specifics; coord IM with organ /disease term (IM) ID#: D020347Liver Abscess
Definition: Solitary or multiple collections of pus within the liver. It is usually associated with systemic manifestations of toxemia and clinical signs of disease in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It was known in ancient times to Hippocrates and Celsus. (Bockus, Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p3288-9) Annotation: for coord read note on ABSCESS; LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC is also available ID#: D008100Liver Abscess, Amebic
Definition: Liver abscess caused by ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. Annotation: amebic infect of liver caused by Entamoeba histolytica ID#: D008101Liver Cirrhosis
Definition: Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. Annotation: do not index ascites unless specifically pertinent ID#: D008103Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
Definition: Liver cirrhosis in alcoholics. Annotation: ID#: D008104Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
Definition: Liver cirrhosis in which there is interference with intrahepatic bile flow. It includes primary biliary cirrhosis, an intrahepatic disturbance of bile secretion affecting predominantly middle-aged women and with segmental destruction and, later, absence of septal bile ducts (cirrhosis is the end stage); and secondary biliary cirrhosis, which is produced by prolonged mechanical obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Annotation: ID#: D008105Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental
Definition: Annotation: DF: LIVER CIRRHOSIS EXPER ID#: D008106Liver Diseases
Definition: Annotation: GEN: prefer specifics; inflamm dis = HEPATITIS & its specifics; /chem ind permitted but consider also HEPATITIS, TOXIC; specialty is HEPATOLOGY see GASTROENTEROLOGY; be careful: do not confuse "hepatic dis" with "intrahepatic dis": "intrahepatic dis" may refer to BILE DUCT DISEASES with regard to BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC, not LIVER DISEASES ID#: D008107Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Definition: Liver diseases associated with alcoholism. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but may be the general entity when subentities are not specified. Annotation: GEN: specifics FATTY LIVER, ALCOHOLIC; HEPATITIS, ALCOHOLIC & LIVER CIRRHOSIS, ALCOHOLIC are available ID#: D008108Liver Diseases, Parasitic
Definition: Infections of the liver with a parasite. They are caused most commonly by trematodes (flukes). Annotation: coord IM with specific parasitic dis (IM) but note that also available are ECHINOCOCCOSIS, HEPATIC; FASCIOLIASIS & LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC ID#: D008109Liver Failure
Definition: Severe inability of the liver to function normally, as evidenced by severe jaundice and abnormal levels of ammonia, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and reversal of the albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) Annotation: if coma is present, index under HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY ID#: D017093Liver Failure, Acute
Definition: A form of liver failure with rapid onset. It is often induced by the toxic effect of drugs and various toxic substances in experimental studies in animals and in clinical states in humans. If coma ensues, the constellation of neurological symptoms is referred to as HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY. Annotation: if coma is present, index under HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY ID#: D017114Liver Neoplasms
Definition: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. Annotation: coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM), including HEPATOMA (IM); LIVER NEOPLASMS, EXPERIMENTAL is available; be careful: do not confuse "hepatic neopl" with "intrahepatic neopl": "intrahepatic neopl" may refer to BILE DUCT NEOPLASMS with regard to BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC, not LIVER NEOPLASMS ID#: D008113Liver Neoplasms, Experimental
Definition: Experimentally induced tumors of the liver. Annotation: animal only; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; don't forget check tag ANIMAL; DF: LIVER NEOPL EXPER ID#: D008114Loiasis
Definition: A parasitic infection caused by the nematode Loa loa. The vector in the transmission of this infection is the horsefly (Tabanus) or the deerfly or mango fly (Chrysops). The larvae may be seen just beneath the skin or passing through the conjunctiva. Eye lesions are not uncommon. The disease is generally mild and painless. Annotation: /drug ther: consider FILARICIDES ID#: D008118Long QT Syndrome
Definition: A syndrome characterized by history of syncopal episodes and a long QT interval, sometimes leading to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC) due to paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmia. A form associated with autosomal recessive inheritance and congenital deafness is called the JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME. An autosomal dominant form without deafness is called the ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME. Annotation: ID#: D008133Lordosis
Definition: The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL). Annotation: a type of spinal curvature; disease only; for normal lordosis index under SPINE; for lordosis in animal sex exper use POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL ID#: D008141Louping Ill
Definition: An acute tick-borne arbovirus infection causing meningoencephalomyelitis of sheep. Annotation: caused by a tick-transm flavivirus; usually animal, generally sheep; "louping" is Scottish dialect for "leaping" with ref to musc manifest of infected animal; check tag ANIMAL; don't forget also SHEEP (NIM) but do not index under SHEEP DISEASES ID#: D008146Low Back Pain
Definition: Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. Annotation: "lombo-sciatique" in French texts is indexed here (IM) + SCIATICA (IM) ID#: D017116Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome
Definition: A form of pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval associated with a normal QRS complex. Annotation: note X ref: normal PR interval & long QRS interval = PRE-EXCITATION, MAHAIN TYPE ID#: D008151Ludwig's Angina
Definition: Severe cellulitis of the submaxillary space with secondary involvement of the sublingual and submental space. It usually results from infection in the lower molar area or from a penetrating injury to the mouth floor. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: submaxillary cellulitis ID#: D008158Lumpy Skin Disease
Definition: A poxvirus infection of cattle characterized by the appearance of nodules on all parts of the skin. Annotation: caused by a poxvirus; usually animal; check tag ANIMAL; don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) but do not index under CATTLE DISEASES ID#: D008166Lung Abscess
Definition: A complication of a localized area of pneumonia or when a neoplasm becomes necrotic and contains purulent material that cannot drain easily from the area because of partial or complete bronchial obstruction. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1068) Annotation: for coord read note on ABSCESS ID#: D008169Lung Diseases
Definition: Annotation: GEN; prefer specifics; inflamm dis = PNEUMONIA; lung collapse = ATELECTASIS ID#: D008171Lung Diseases, Fungal
Definition: Annotation: coord IM with specific fungal disease (IM); ASPERGILLOSIS, ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY is available ID#: D008172Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Definition: A heterogeneous group of noninfectious, nonmalignant disorders of the lower respiratory tract, affecting primarily the alveolar wall structures but also often involving the small airways and blood vessels of the lung parenchyma. "Interstitial" refers to the fact that the interstitium of the alveolar walls is thickened, usually by fibrosis. This group of diseases is usually inflammatory. (Dorland, 27th ed; Wyngarden, Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p396) Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: LUNG DIS INTERSTITIAL ID#: D017563Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Definition: Any disorder marked by persistent obstruction of bronchial air flow. Annotation: PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE and AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION are also available ID#: D008173Lung Diseases, Parasitic
Definition: Infections of the lungs with a parasite. They are caused most commonly by nematodes (roundworms). Annotation: coord IM with specific parasitic disease (IM) but note that available also is ECHINOCOCCOSIS, PULMONARY ID#: D008174Lung Neoplasms
Definition: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. Annotation: coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM) ID#: D008175Lung, Hyperlucent
Definition: Hyperlucency of one lung with decreased size and vascularity of the lung. It is often associated with BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS and with adenovirus infection in childhood. Annotation: a type of pulm emphysema manifesting as hyperlucency on x-ray ID#: D019568Lupus
Definition: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. Annotation: a type of cutaneous tuberc; do not confuse with LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS ID#: D008177Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
Definition: A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID). Annotation: acute: consider LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC if skin lesions are paramount ID#: D008178Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
Definition: A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur. Annotation: do not confuse with systemic or disseminated: discoid is usually in dermatol jrnls, systemic in arthritis or rheumat jrnls; when unspecified in title, "discoid" is usually discernible from text or bibliog refs; note X ref: do not confuse with LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS ID#: D008179Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
Definition: A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. Annotation: if not specified as "systemic" it is still probably correct to index here, not also discoid; LUPUS NEPHRITIS is also available; LE CELLS see NEUTROPHILS is also available: use LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC /blood or /pathol + NEUTROPHILS for discussion of the LE cells as cells; DF: SLE ID#: D008180Lupus Nephritis
Definition: Glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is classified into four histologic types: mesangial, focal, diffuse, and membranous. Annotation: "glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus" ID#: D008181Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System
Definition: Disorders of the brain and spinal cord that are associated with LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC. Clinical manifestations may include neurobehavioral dysfunction; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES); hypothalamic dysfunction; focal motor deficits; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE, and other disorders. Pathologic features include multiple microinfarctions involving the CEREBRAL CORTEX; DIENCEPHALON; and BRAIN STEM (see also BRAIN INFARCTION). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp858-9) Annotation: ID#: D020945Lutembacher's Syndrome
Definition: A combination of atrial septal defect and mitral stenosis. Annotation: atrial septal defect with mitral stenosis; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D008185Luteoma
Definition: A benign ovarian tumor of granulosa or theca-lutein cell origin, producing progesterone effects on the uterine mucosa. (Stedman, 25th ed) Annotation: coord IM with OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM) ID#: D018311Lyme Disease
Definition: An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut. Annotation: coord IM with specific Borrelia (IM) ID#: D008193Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Definition: Nervous system infections caused by tick-borne spirochetes of the BORELLIA BORGDORFERI GROUP. The disease may affect elements of the central or peripheral nervous system in isolation or in combination. Common clinical manifestations include a lymphocytic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (most often a facial neuropathy), POLYRADICULOPATHY, and a mild loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Less often more extensive inflammation involving the central nervous system (encephalomyelitis) may occur. In the peripheral nervous system, B. burgdorferi infection is associated with mononeuritis multiplex and polyradiculoneuritis. (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):182-91) Annotation: coord IM with Borrelia (IM) + specific site/dis term (IM) if pertinent ID#: D020852Lymphadenitis
Definition: Inflammation of the lymph nodes. Annotation: inflamm of lymph nodes: do not confuse with LYMPHANGITIS, inflamm of lymphatic vessels; consider also MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS ID#: D008199Lymphangiectasis
Definition: A transient dilatation of the lymphatic vessels. Annotation: ID#: D008200Lymphangiectasis, Intestinal
Definition: A dilatation of the intestinal lymphatic system usually caused by an obstruction in the intestinal wall. It may be congenital or acquired and is characterized by diarrhea, hypoproteinemia, peripheral and/or abdominal edema, and protein-losing enteropathy. Annotation: ID#: D008201Lymphangioma
Definition: A benign tumor representing a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system and made up of newly formed lymph-containing vascular spaces and channels. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D008202Lymphangioma, Cystic
Definition: A cystic growth originating from lymphatic tissue. It is usually found in the neck, axilla, or groin. Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018191Lymphangiomyoma
Definition: A tumorlike condition characterized by smooth muscle and endothelium proliferation of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes in the mediastinum and retroperitoneum, also in the lung. It may be manifested by chylous pleural effusion and ascites. Annotation: solitary; multiple = LYMPHANGIOMYOMATOSIS but see MeSH definition; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D008203Lymphangiomyomatosis
Definition: A progressive disorder of women of child-bearing age, marked by nodular and diffuse interstitial proliferation of smooth muscle in the lungs, lymph nodes, and thoracic duct. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: multiple but read MeSH definition; solitary = LYMPHANGIOMYOMA; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl terms (IM) if relevant ID#: D018192Lymphangiosarcoma
Definition: A malignant tumor originating from the endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. Most lymphangiosarcomas arise in an arm secondary to radical mastectomy but they sometimes complicate idiopathic lymphedema. The lymphedema has usually been present for 6 to 10 years before malignant changes develop. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D008204Lymphangitis
Definition: Annotation: inflamm of lymphatic vessels; do not confuse with LYMPHADENITIS, inflamm of lymph nodes ID#: D008205Lymphatic Diseases
Definition: Diseases of lymph or lymph vessels. Annotation: note X ref LYMPHADENOPATHY: unspecified goes here but note LYMPHADENOPATHY SYNDROME see AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX & consider IMMUNOBLASTIC LYMPHADENOPATHY; SEZARY SYNDROME & other specifics indented here; inflamm dis = LYMPHANGITIS ID#: D008206Lymphatic Metastasis
Definition: Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system. Annotation: NIM, no qualif; IM for GEN or lymphatic metastatic process; when IM, qualif permitted; policy on metastases: Manual 24.3.1, 24.4.1.3+, 24.4.1.4 ID#: D008207Lymphatic Vessel Tumors
Definition: Neoplasms composed of lymphoid tissue, a lattice work of reticular tissue the interspaces of which contain lymphocytes. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in lymphatic vessels. Annotation: neoplasms composed of lymphatic tissue, not located in lymphatic tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord with precoord organ/neopl term; restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5 ID#: D018190Lymphedema
Definition: Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes. Annotation: edema of arms or legs caused by obstruct or dis of lymph nodes or vessels; X ref MILROY'S DISEASE goes under LYMPHEDEMA /congen ID#: D008209Lymphocele
Definition: Cystic mass containing lymph from diseased lymphatic channels or following surgical trauma or other injury. Annotation: non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with organ/dis term (IM) if relevant ID#: D008210Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
Definition: A form of meningitis caused by LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS. MICE and other rodents serve as the natural hosts, and infection in humans usually occurs through inhalation or ingestion of infectious particles. Clinical manifestations include an influenza-like syndrome followed by stiff neck, alterations of mentation, ATAXIA, and incontinence. Maternal infections may result in fetal malformations and injury, including neonatal HYDROCEPHALUS, aqueductal stenosis, CHORIORETINITIS, and MICROCEPHALY. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3) Annotation: ID#: D008216Lymphocytosis
Definition: Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion. Annotation: increase in number of lymphocytes ID#: D008218Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Definition: Subacute inflammation of the inguinal lymph glands caused by certain immunotypes of CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. It is a sexually transmitted disease in the U.S. but is more widespread in developing countries. It is distinguished from granuloma venereum (see GRANULOMA INGUINALE), which is caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. Annotation: caused by Chlamydia trachomatis ID#: D008219Lymphoma
Definition: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. Annotation: GEN only or unspecified: prefer specific; do not confuse X ref LYMPHOMA, MALIGNANT with LYMPHOGRANULOMA, MALIGNANT see HODGKIN DISEASE); for lymphoma with AIDS, use LYMPHOMA, AIDS-RELATED ID#: D008223Lymphoma, AIDS-Related
Definition: B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including Burkitt lymphoma, immunoblastic large-cell lymphoma, small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma and diffuse large-cell lymphoma. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. Annotation: a B-cell lymphoma but use for any AIDS-related lymphoma; coord IM with specific type of lymphoma (IM); coord with HIV-1 or HIV-2 (IM or NIM) if pertinent; DF: LYMPHOMA AIDS RELAT ID#: D016483Lymphoma, B-Cell
Definition: A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; LYMPHOMA, T-CELL is also available ID#: D016393Lymphoma, Diffuse
Definition: Malignant lymphoma in which neoplastic cells diffusely infiltrate the entire lymph node without any definite organized pattern. Patients whose lymphomas present a diffuse pattern generally have a more unfavorable survival outlook than those presenting with a follicular or nodular pattern. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ID#: D016398Lymphoma, Follicular
Definition: Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the lymph nodes. The nodules resemble to some extent the germinal centers of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-lymphocytes. This class of lymphoma usually occurs in older persons, is commonly multinodal, and possibly extranodal. Patients whose lymphomas present a follicular or nodular pattern generally have a more indolent course than those presenting with a diffuse pattern. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA FOLLIC ID#: D008224Lymphoma, High-Grade
Definition: One of the three major prognostic groupings for non-Hodgkin lymphomas as proposed in the Working Formulation of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (1981). Lymphomas falling within this group have a relatively unfavorable survival potential. Annotation: a grade of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; prefer specific; LYMPHOMA, LOW-GRADE & LYMPHOMA, INTERMEDIATE-GRADE & their specifics are also available ID#: D016395Lymphoma, Intermediate-Grade
Definition: One of the three major prognostic groupings for non-Hodgkin lymphomas as proposed in the Working Formulation of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (1981). Lymphomas falling within this group have an intermediate survival potential. Annotation: a grade of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; prefer specific; LYMPHOMA, HIGH-GRADE & LYMPHOMA, LOW-GRADE & their specifics are also available ID#: D016396Lymphoma, Large-Cell
Definition: The most common aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It occurs in both diffuse and nodular form. The large cells may have cleaved and non-cleaved nuclei. Annotation: DF: LYMPHOMA LARGE ID#: D008225Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Diffuse
Definition: Malignant lymphoma composed of large cells which may be both cleaved and noncleaved. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. Annotation: an intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA LARGE DIFFUSE ID#: D016403Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Follicular
Definition: Malignant lymphoma in which the majority of neoplastic cells within the follicles are large cleaved or noncleaved cells. The degree to which the follicular center cells retain their ability to form follicles varies with the state of B-cell transformation. Annotation: an intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA LARGE FOLLIC ID#: D016404Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic
Definition: Malignant lymphoma characterized by the presence of immunoblasts with uniformly round-to-oval nuclei, one or more prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm. This class may be subdivided into plasmacytoid and clear-cell types based on cytoplasmic characteristics. A third category, pleomorphous, may be analogous to some of the peripheral T-cell lymphomas (LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, PERIPHERAL) recorded in both the United States and Japan. Annotation: a diffuse high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA LARGE IMMUNOBLASTIC ID#: D016400Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Ki-1
Definition: A large-cell, non-Hodgkin's, malignant lymphoma with pleomorphic appearance and reactivity with the monoclonal antibody Ki-1. The lymphoma is most often found in the skin and lymph nodes and expresses the Ki-1 (CD30) antigen (ANTIGENS, CD30) on its surface. It is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and malignant histiocytosis. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: note short X ref ID#: D017728Lymphoma, Low-Grade
Definition: One of the three major prognostic groupings for non-Hodgkin lymphomas as proposed in the Working Formulation of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (1981). Lymphomas falling within this group have a relatively favorable survival potential. Annotation: a grade of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; prefer specific; LYMPHOMA, HIGH-GRADE & LYMPHOMA, INTERMEDIATE-GRADE & their specifics are also available ID#: D016397Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic
Definition: A high-grade malignant lymphoma composed of a diffuse, relatively uniform proliferation of cells with round or convoluted nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. The cells are cytologically similar to the lymphoblasts seen in acute lymphocytic leukemia, and in some cases, the disease may evolve into a leukemic phase morphologically indistinguishable from acute T-lymphocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, T-CELL, ACUTE). Lymphoblastic lymphoma represents approximately one-third of the cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children and 5% of the cases in adults. It is more prevalent in males. Annotation: a diffuse high-grade T-cell lymphoma ID#: D016401Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
Definition: A rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the cyclin D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). Annotation: ID#: D020522Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell
Definition: Malignant lymphoma characterized by the presence of a mixed population of cells, with the smaller cells resembling lymphocytes and the larger ones histiocytes. It usually presents in a nodular (follicular) pattern, but may evolve into a diffuse pattern. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA MIXED ID#: D008227Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell, Diffuse
Definition: A heterogeneous group of intermediate-grade lymphomas of mixed cellular composition. Although they have not been extensively studied, it appears that they are predominantly B-cell diseases. Annotation: a diffuse intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA MIXED DIFFUSE ID#: D016405Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell, Follicular
Definition: A low-grade malignant lymphoma of follicular pattern in which there is no clear preponderance of one cell type (small or large) over another. The large cells, cleaved or noncleaved, are often 2-3 times larger in diameter than normal lymphocytes. Annotation: a low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA MIXED FOLLIC ID#: D016407Lymphoma, Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Definition: Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire MALT tissue as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder. Annotation: a low-grade B-cell lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA MALT ID#: D018442Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Definition: Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. Annotation: GEN & unspecified only: prefer specifics ID#: D008228Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Diffuse
Definition: An intermediate-grade malignant lymphoma in which the neoplastic cells (B-lymphocytes) exhibit variability in size, configuration, and degree of differentiation. The cells are irregular in shape and have distinct nuclei. Annotation: DF: LYMPHOMA SMALL CLEAVED DIFFUSE ID#: D016406Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Follicular
Definition: A low-grade malignant lymphoma of predominantly follicular pattern. Follicles are of relatively uniform size and shape and the cells are usually somewhat larger than normal lymphocytes. Nuclei are irregular with prominent indentations and cytoplasm can rarely be identified. Cells exhibiting these characteristics are often called centrocytes. Annotation: a low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA SMALL CLEAVED FOLLIC ID#: D016408Lymphoma, Small Lymphocytic
Definition: A low-grade malignant lymphoma that may, in some cases, be considered histologically identical to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC, CHRONIC). It is diffuse in pattern, representing the neoplastic proliferation of well-differentiated B-lymphocytes. In patients with immunoglobulin gammopathies, the lymphocytes may exhibit plasmacytoid characteristics. Annotation: a diffuse low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ID#: D016409Lymphoma, Small Noncleaved-Cell
Definition: A high-grade malignant lymphoma that includes both Burkitt tumor (BURKITT LYMPHOMA) and other lymphomas previously designated undifferentiated non-Burkitt type. Nuclei in Burkitt tumor are round to ovoid and uniform in size. The non-Burkitt type exhibits greater nuclear variation and less evidence of cellular maturation with a correspondingly lesser degree of differentiation. Annotation: a diffuse high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA SMALL NONCLEAVED ID#: D016402Lymphoma, Small-Cell
Definition: A B-cell lymphoma presumably representing a tumor of interfollicular B-lymphocytes that may be functional. Those that are secrete identical immunoglobulin molecules. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA SMALL ID#: D008226Lymphoma, T-Cell
Definition: A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, CUTANEOUS & LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, PERIPHERAL are also available ID#: D016399Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous
Definition: A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES and SEZARY SYNDROME are the best characterized of these disorders. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) ID#: D016410Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral
Definition: A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ID#: D016411Lymphoma, Undifferentiated
Definition: A form of lymphoma in which relatively large stem cells with large nuclei, pale, scanty cytoplasm, and indistinct borders are predominant. The cells are undifferentiated, i.e., show no morphologic evidence of maturation toward lymphocytes or histiocytes. Annotation: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA UNDIFFER ID#: D008229Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis
Definition: An angiocentric and angiodestructive lymphoreticular proliferative disorder primarily involving the lungs. Histologically it simulates malignant lymphoma and in some cases may progress to lymphoma. Annotation: if non-neopl, coord IM with precoord organ/dis term (IM); if neopl, coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D008230Lymphomatoid Papulosis
Definition: Clinically benign, histologically malignant, recurrent cutaneous eruption characterized by an infiltration of large atypical cells surrounded by inflammatory cells. The atypical cells resemble Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease or the malignant cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In some cases, lymphomatoid papulosis progresses to lymphomatous conditions including mycosis fungoides, Hodgkin's disease, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, or Ki-1 lymphoma. Annotation: a precancerous form of pityriasis lichenoides ID#: D017731Lymphopenia
Definition: Reduction in the number of lymphocytes. Annotation: decrease in no. of lymphocytes ID#: D008231Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Definition: Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. Annotation: GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics ID#: D008232Lysosomal Storage Diseases
Definition: Inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defects in specific lysosomal hydrolases and resulting in intracellular accumulation of unmetabolized substrates. Annotation: an inborn error of metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D016464Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Nervous System
Definition: A group of enzymatic disorders affecting the nervous system and to a variable degree the skeletal system, lymphoreticular system, and other organs. The conditions are marked by an abnormal accumulation of catabolic material within lysosomes. Annotation: GEN: prefer specifics ID#: D020140