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Index of Diseases

Instructions. To find the proper medical term, scroll up and down to review the alphabetical listings. Also, you can use the "Page Up" and "Page down" key on your keyboard. Or use the search function of your browser. In both Netscape and Explorer, go to "Edit" and select "Find in Page". Type in the main term of interest. Frequently, it is best to type in only the first 4 or five letters (i.e., "prost" for prostate) because that will find more alternative terms from which to select the proper one.

R

Rabies

Definition: An acute infectious disease of the central nervous system affecting almost all mammals, including humans. It is caused by a rhabdovirus and usually spread by contamination with virus-laden saliva of bites inflicted by rabid animals. Important animal vectors include the dog, cat, vampire bat, mongoose, skunk, wolf, raccoon, and fox. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: caused by a rhabdovirus; human & animal
ID#: D011818

Radial Neuropathy

Definition: Disease involving the RADIAL NERVE. Clinical features include weakness of elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination of the forearm, wrist and finger extension, and thumb abduction. Sensation may be impaired over regions of the dorsal forearm. Common sites of compression or traumatic injury include the AXILLA and radial groove of the HUMERUS.
Annotation:
ID#: D020425

Radiation Injuries

Definition: Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in chordates.
Annotation: only Cat C qualif; human & vet animals only; exper animals = RADIATION INJURIES, EXPERIMENTAL, but only if B2: see note on RADIATION INJURIES, EXPERIMENTAL; Manual 28.12; radiations causing neopl = NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED or LEUKEMIA, RADIATION-INDUCED, causing abnorm = ABNORMALITIES, RADIATION-INDUCED; OSTEORADIONECROSIS is available
ID#: D011832

Radiation Injuries, Experimental

Definition: Harmful effects of exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation produced experimentally in chordates.
Annotation: only Cat C qualif; for B2 animals only; "injuries" to insects, parasites, bacteria, viruses = RADIATION EFFECTS (general only) or specific organism /rad eff; Manual 28.12.1, 28.12.2; radiations causing neopl = NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED or LEUKEMIA, RADIATION-INDUCED, causing abnorm = ABNORMALITIES, RADIATION-INDUCED; DF: RAD INJ EXPER
ID#: D011833

Radiation Pneumonitis

Definition: Injurious effects of radiotherapy on the lungs. There are three phases in the reaction of the lungs to radiation injury: an acute phase occurring 1 to 2 months after exposure, a subacute phase 2 to 9 months after exposure, and a chronic or fibrotic phase more than 9 months after exposure. In the acute phase there is vascular damage, congestion, edema, and mononuclear cell infiltration; in the subacute phase the alveolar walls are infiltrated with mononuclear inflammatory cells and fibroblasts; in the chronic phase, alveolar fibrosis and capillary sclerosis take place. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2343)
Annotation: an interstitial lung dis; assume to be caused by radiother so do not coord routinely with RADIOTHERAPY /adv eff; coord IM with other type or source of radiation with /adv eff (IM) if pertinent; DF: RAD PNEUMONITIS
ID#: D017564

Radicular Cyst

Definition: Slow-growing fluid-filled epithelial sac at the apex of a tooth with a nonvital pulp or defective root canal filling.
Annotation: non-neoplastic periodontal cyst; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with organ/dis (IM), not organ/neopl
ID#: D011842

Radiculopathy

Definition: Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.
Annotation: disease of a single spinal nerve root; do not confuse with POLYRADICULOPATHY (dis of several spinal nerve roots) nor with POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY (dis of both spinal nerve roots & peripheral nerves)
ID#: D011843

Radiodermatitis

Definition: A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Annotation: from ionizing radiation
ID#: D011855

Radius Fractures

Definition:
Annotation:
ID#: D011885

Ranula

Definition: A form of retention cyst of the floor of the mouth, usually due to obstruction of the ducts of the submaxillary or sublingual glands, presenting a slowly enlarging painless deep burrowing mucocele of one side of the mouth. It is also called sublingual cyst and sublingual ptyalocele.
Annotation: non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted
ID#: D011900

Rare Diseases

Definition: A large group of diseases which are characterized by a low prevalence in the population. They frequently are associated with problems in diagnosis and treatment.
Annotation: coord with specific disease; index only when discussed as rare disease
ID#: D035583

Rat-Bite Fever

Definition: A syndrome characterized by recurring fever, rash, and arthralgias occurring days to weeks after a rat bite. The causative agents are either Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus.
Annotation: a disease entity caused by a gram-neg bact
ID#: D011906

Raynaud Disease

Definition: An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or STRESS.
Annotation:
ID#: D011928

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Definition: Markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness that begins before age 5 and is associated with grossly pathological child care. The child may persistently fail to initiate and respond to social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way (inhibited type) or there may be a pattern of diffuse attachments with nondiscriminate sociability (disinhibited type). (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Annotation:
ID#: D019962

Rectal Diseases

Definition: Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).
Annotation: inflamm dis = PROCTITIS
ID#: D012002

Rectal Fistula

Definition: An abnormal anatomical passage connecting the RECTUM to the outside, with an orifice at the site of drainage.
Annotation: fistula policy: Manual 23.19+; do not confuse X ref ANAL FISTULA with FISSURE IN ANO; RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA is also available
ID#: D012003

Rectal Neoplasms

Definition: Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.
Annotation: coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); familial: consider also COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS, HEREDITARY NONPOLYPOSIS
ID#: D012004

Rectal Prolapse

Definition: Protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anus. There are various degrees: incomplete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle but with herniation of the bowel; and internal complete with rectosigmoid or upper rectum intussusception into the lower rectum.
Annotation:
ID#: D012005

Rectocele

Definition: A hernial protrusion of part of the rectum into the vagina. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Annotation:
ID#: D020047

Rectovaginal Fistula

Definition: An abnormal anatomical passage between the RECTUM and the VAGINA.
Annotation: fistula policy: Manual 23.19+
ID#: D012006

Recurrence

Definition: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
Annotation: never IM; /prev permitted: coord NIM with disease /prev (IM)
ID#: D012008

Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure

Definition: Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production.
Annotation: a form of anemia
ID#: D012010

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Definition: A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)
Annotation: DF: CRPS TYPE I
ID#: D012019

Reflex, Abnormal

Definition: An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.
Annotation: do not use Cat C or E qualif
ID#: D012021

Reflex, Babinski

Definition: An abnormal reflex consisting of dorsiflexion of the great toe and abduction of the other toes in response to cutaneous stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot.
Annotation:
ID#: D001405

Refractive Errors

Definition: Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.
Annotation: deviations from standard refraction of eye; DF: REFRACTIVE ERR
ID#: D012030

Refsum Disease

Definition: An autosomal recessive familial disorder that usually presents in childhood with POLYNEUROPATHY, sensorineural DEAFNESS; ICHTHYOSIS; ATAXIA; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; and cardiomyopathy. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PROTEINS and serum PHYTANIC ACID are generally elevated. This condition is associated with the impaired metabolism of phytanic acid in PEROXISOMES. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1991, Ch37, p58-9; Rev Med Interne 1996;17(5):391-8)
Annotation: do not confuse with REFSUM DISEASE, INFANTILE see PEROXISOMAL DISORDERS
ID#: D012035

Reiter Disease

Definition: A triad of nongonococcal urethritis followed by conjunctivitis and arthritis, of unknown etiology.
Annotation:
ID#: D012058

Relapsing Fever

Definition: An acute infection characterized by recurrent episodes of PYREXIA alternating with asymptomatic intervals of apparent recovery. This condition is caused by SPIROCHETES of the genus BORRELIA. It is transmitted by the BITES of either the body louse (PEDICULUS humanus corporis), for which humans are the reservoir, or by soft ticks of the genus ORNITHODOROS, for which rodents and other animals are the principal reservoirs.
Annotation: not for "recurrent fever" ( = FEVER (IM) + RECURRENCE (NIM) ); infections by Borrelia species other than B. burgdorferi or B. burgdorferi group (which cause LYME DISEASE) probably go here, otherwise index under BORRELIA INFECTIONS
ID#: D012061

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Definition: A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)
Annotation:
ID#: D020187

REM Sleep Parasomnias

Definition: Abnormal behavioral or physiologic events that are associated with REM sleep, including REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER.
Annotation: do not confuse with REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER
ID#: D020923

Renal Artery Obstruction

Definition: Narrowing or occlusion of the renal arteries. It is due usually to atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, thrombosis, embolism, or external pressure. It may result in renovascular hypertension.
Annotation: obstruct of external or internal origin; renal artery thrombosis: coord IM with THROMBOSIS (IM); consider also HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR (hypertension caused by renal artery obstruct or compress)
ID#: D012078

Renal Osteodystrophy

Definition: Decalcification of bone due to hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease.
Annotation:
ID#: D012080

Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors

Definition: Genetically determined disorders of the reabsorptive functions of the kidney with regard to specific nephron segments responsible for specific transport functions, classifiable by proximal nephron function, loop of Henle function, and distal nephron function. The transport defects can be selective or nonselective. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p584; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1140)
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specific; coord IM with specific metabolite /metab (IM); do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: RENAL TUB TRANSP INBORN ERR
ID#: D015499

Reoviridae Infections

Definition: Infections produced by reoviruses, general or unspecified.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specific
ID#: D012088

Reperfusion Injury

Definition: Functional, metabolic, or structural changes, including necrosis, in ischemic tissues thought to result from REPERFUSION to ischemic areas of the tissue. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.
Annotation:
ID#: D015427

Respiration Disorders

Definition: Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
ID#: D012120

Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult

Definition: A syndrome of life-threatening progressive pulmonary insufficiency in the absence of known pulmonary disease, usually following a systemic insult such as SURGERY or major TRAUMA.
Annotation: RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN is also available; do not confuse with SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
ID#: D012128

Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn

Definition: A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.
Annotation: for adults use RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT; do not confuse with "respiratory distress" which may be RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY or a specific; do not confuse with SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
ID#: D012127

Respiratory Hypersensitivity

Definition: A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and HAY FEVER.
Annotation: "respiratory allergy"
ID#: D012130

Respiratory Insufficiency

Definition: Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Annotation: do not confuse with RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN in newborn inf
ID#: D012131

Respiratory Paralysis

Definition: Complete or severe weakness of the muscles of respiration. This condition may be associated with MOTOR NEURON DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVE DISORDERS; NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; injury to the PHRENIC NERVE; and other disorders.
Annotation:
ID#: D012133

Respiratory Sounds

Definition: Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Annotation:
ID#: D012135

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Definition: Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.
Annotation: caused by a pneumovirus
ID#: D018357

Respiratory System Abnormalities

Definition: Congenital structural abnormalities of the respiratory system.
Annotation: for congen struct abnorm only; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics or specific organ /abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ABNORM
ID#: D015619

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Definition:
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /diag: consider also DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; DF: RESPIRATORY TRACT DIS
ID#: D012140

Respiratory Tract Fistula

Definition: An abnormal passage communicating between any component of the respiratory tract or between any part of the respiratory system and surrounding organs.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; fistula policy: Manual 23.19+
ID#: D016156

Respiratory Tract Infections

Definition:
Annotation: GEN: prefer specifics; DF: RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECT
ID#: D012141

Respiratory Tract Neoplasms

Definition:
Annotation: GEN: prefer specific precoord; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
ID#: D012142

Respirovirus Infections

Definition: Infections with viruses of the genus RESPIROVIRUS, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. Host cell infection occurs by adsorption, via HEMAGLUTININ, to the cell surface.
Annotation:
ID#: D010253

Restless Legs Syndrome

Definition: A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep. Complying with an irresistible urge to move the affected limbs brings temporary relief. Sleep may become disrupted, resulting in excessive daytime hypersomnolence. This condition may be associated with UREMIA; DIABETES; and rheumatoid arthritis. Restless Legs Syndrome differs from NOCTURNAL MYOCLONUS SYNDROME in that in the lattercondition the individual does not report adverse sensory stimuli and it is primarly a sleep-associated movement disorder. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p387; Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1997 Apr 30;86(18):732-736)
Annotation:
ID#: D012148

Reticulocytosis

Definition: An increase in circulating RETICULOCYTES, which is among the simplest and most reliable signs of accelerated ERYTHROCYTE production. Reticulocytosis occurs during active BLOOD regeneration (stimulation of red bone marrow) and in certain types of ANEMIA, particularly CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.
Annotation:
ID#: D045262

Reticuloendotheliosis

Definition: Hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial tissue, in any organ or tissue. A related concept is reticulosis which is an increase in reticuloendothelial elements.
Annotation: neoplastic; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D012158

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Definition: Occlusion or closure of the central retinal artery causing sudden, usually nearly complete, loss of vision in one eye. Occlusion of the branch retinal artery causes sudden visual loss in only a portion of the visual field.
Annotation:
ID#: D015356

Retinal Degeneration

Definition: A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)
Annotation: retinal dystrophy or macular dystrophy: index under RETINAL DEGENERATION or MACULAR DEGENERATION relying on text & refs
ID#: D012162

Retinal Detachment

Definition: Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).
Annotation: /surg: consider also SCLERAL BUCKLING; X ref RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENT: do not coord with PIGMENT EPITHELIUM OF EYE unless particularly discussed
ID#: D012163

Retinal Diseases

Definition:
Annotation: inflamm dis = RETINITIS or CHORIORETINITIS; retinal dystrophy: index under RETINAL DEGENERATION or MACULAR DEGENERATION relying on text & refs
ID#: D012164

Retinal Drusen

Definition: Colloid or hyaline bodies lying beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. They may occur either secondary to changes in the choroid that affect the pigment epithelium or as an autosomal dominant disorder of the retinal pigment epithelium.
Annotation: colloid or hyalin bodies under retinal pigment; do not confuse with OPTIC DISK DRUSEN, hyalin bodies in optic nerve
ID#: D015593

Retinal Dysplasia

Definition: Congenital, often bilateral, retinal abnormality characterized by the arrangement of outer nuclear retinal cells in a palisading or radiating pattern surrounding a central ocular space. This disorder is sometimes hereditary.
Annotation: do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
ID#: D015792

Retinal Hemorrhage

Definition: Bleeding from the vessels of the retina.
Annotation:
ID#: D012166

Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute

Definition: Mild to fulminant necrotizing vaso-occlusive retinitis associated with a high incidence of retinal detachment and poor vision outcome.
Annotation: a form of retinitis; DF: ARN SYNDROME
ID#: D015882

Retinal Neoplasms

Definition: Tumors or cancer of the RETINA.
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM) but majority will be RETINOBLASTOMA (see note there)
ID#: D019572

Retinal Neovascularization

Definition: Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.
Annotation:
ID#: D015861

Retinal Perforations

Definition: Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.
Annotation:
ID#: D012167

Retinal Vasculitis

Definition: Inflammation of the retinal vasculature with various causes including infectious disease, LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; MUTIPLE SCLEROSIS; BEHCET SYNDROME; and CHORIORETINITIS.
Annotation:
ID#: D031300

Retinal Vein Occlusion

Definition: Occlusion of the retinal vein. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases.
Annotation:
ID#: D012170

Retinitis

Definition: Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).
Annotation:
ID#: D012173

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Definition: Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the neuroepithelium of the retina characterized by night blindness and progressive contraction of the visual field.
Annotation:
ID#: D012174

Retinoblastoma

Definition: A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with RETINAL NEOPLASMS (IM); /genetics: consider also GENES, RETINOBLASTOMA
ID#: D012175

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Definition: A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; caused by oxygen ther of premature inf but for this etiol, do not use /chem ind: use /etiol if this etiol is discussed at all (& then probably NIM): TN 167
ID#: D012178

Retinoschisis

Definition: A vitreoretinal dystrophy characterized by splitting of the neuroretinal layers. It occurs in two forms: degenerative retinoschisis and X chromosome-linked juvenile retinoschisis.
Annotation:
ID#: D041441

Retrobulbar Hemorrhage

Definition: Hemorrhage within the orbital cavity, posterior to the eyeball.
Annotation: do not confuse with EYE HEMORRHAGE or its specifics, hemorrh of eye tissue
ID#: D019315

Retrocochlear Diseases

Definition: Diseases of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. Retrocochlear refers to the eighth cranial nerve and cerebellopontine angle as opposed to the cochlea. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Annotation: "retrocochlear" refers to the vestibulocochlear nerve, not the cochlea; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: RETROCOCHLEAR DIS
ID#: D012181

Retrognathism

Definition: Retrusion of the mandible. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: a mandibular abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; consider also MALOCCLUSION, ANGLE CLASS II
ID#: D012182

Retrograde Degeneration

Definition: Pathologic changes that occur in the axon and cell body of a neuron proximal to an axonal lesion. The process is characterized by central chromatolysis which features flattening and displacement of the nucleus, loss of Nissl bodies, and cellular edema. Central chromatolysis primarily occurs in lower motor neurons.
Annotation:
ID#: D012183

Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

Definition: A slowly progressive condition of unknown etiology, characterized by deposition of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space compressing the ureters, great vessels, bile duct, and other structures. When associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm, it may be called chronic periaortitis or inflammatory perianeurysmal fibrosis.
Annotation:
ID#: D012185

Retroperitoneal Neoplasms

Definition:
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
ID#: D012186

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Definition: A soft tissue infection of the throat with entry usually by the pharynx but sometimes as an extension of a lateral neck infection resulting from a neck injury. The major risk is upper airway obstruction caused by pharyngeal swelling. (Daniel R. Masys, from a written communication)
Annotation: for coord read note on ABSCESS
ID#: D017703

Retropneumoperitoneum

Definition: Pathological or accidental introduction of air into the retroperitoneal space.
Annotation: note category: disease only; for diagnostic retropneumoperitoneum: index under RETROPERITONEAL SPACE /radiogr (IM) + PNEUMORADIOGRAPHY (NIM)
ID#: D012188

Retroviridae Infections

Definition: Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
ID#: D012192

Rett Syndrome

Definition: An inherited disorder that is associated with X-linked transmission and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. Clinically, birth and development in affected females is normal until the age of 6-25 months, when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills, ataxia, stereotypic hand movements, seizures, autistic behavior, intermittent hyperventilation, and hyperammonemia appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)
Annotation:
ID#: D015518

Reye Syndrome

Definition: An acute, potentially fatal metabolic disease seen primarily in children and characterized clinically by vomiting, hypoglycemia, and confusion, which may progress to coma. Pathologic features include cerebral edema and fatty infiltration of the liver and other organs. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1120)
Annotation:
ID#: D012202

Rh Isoimmunization

Definition: The process by which fetal Rh+ erythrocytes enter the circulation of an Rh- mother during delivery, causing her to produce IMMUNOGLOBULIN G antibodies, which can cross the placenta and destroy the erythrocytes of Rh- fetuses in subsequent pregnancies.
Annotation: a blood group incompatibility; note categories; use only Cat C qualif
ID#: D012203

Rhabditida Infections

Definition: Infections with nematodes of the order RHABDITIDA.
Annotation: nematode infect
ID#: D017196

Rhabdoid Tumor

Definition: A rare but highly lethal childhood tumor found almost exclusively in infants. Histopathologically, it resembles RHABDOMYOSARCOMA but the tumor cells are not of myogenic origin. Although it arises primarily in the kidney, it may be found in other parts of the body. The rhabdoid cytomorphology is believed to be the expression of a very primitive malignant cell. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2210)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted
ID#: D018335

Rhabdomyolysis

Definition: Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.
Annotation: "necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria": do not index under MYOGLOBINURIA unless this is particularly discussed & then probably NIM
ID#: D012206

Rhabdomyoma

Definition: A benign tumor derived from striated muscle. It is extremely rare, generally occurring in the tongue, neck muscles, larynx, uvula, nasal cavity, axilla, vulva, and heart. These tumors are treated by simple excision. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1354)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D012207

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Definition: A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)
Annotation: GEN; prefer specifics; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D012208

Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar

Definition: A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults, affecting muscles of the extremities, trunk, orbital region, etc. It is extremely malignant, metastasizing widely at an early stage. Few cures have been achieved and the prognosis is poor. "Alveolar" refers to its microscopic appearance simulating the cells of the respiratory alveolus. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)
Annotation: "alveolar" has nothing to do with pulm alveoli: it refers to sac-like pathol of musc affected; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D018232

Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal

Definition: A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA arising primarily in the head and neck, especially the orbit, of children below the age of 10. The cells are smaller than those of other rhabdomyosarcomas and are of two basic cell types: spindle cells and round cells. This cancer is highly sensitive to chemotherapy and has a high cure rate with multi-modality therapy. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D018233

Rhabdoviridae Infections

Definition: Virus diseases caused by RHABDOVIRIDAE. Important infections include RABIES; EPHEMERAL FEVER; and vesicular stomatitis.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
ID#: D018353

Rheumatic Diseases

Definition: Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.
Annotation: do not confuse with the specialty RHEUMATOLOGY; /drug ther: consider also ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS
ID#: D012216

Rheumatic Fever

Definition: A febrile disease occurring as a delayed sequela of infections with group A hemolytic streptococci and characterized by multiple focal inflammatory lesions of the connective tissue structures, especially of the heart, blood vessels, and joints (polyarthritis), and by the presence of Aschoff bodies in the myocardium and skin. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: Strep infect; rheum fever with heart dis, unspecified or specific = RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE (IM) + the specific heart dis (IM or NIM), but not HEART DISEASES
ID#: D012213

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Definition: The most important manifestation of and sequel to rheumatic fever, i.e., any cardiac involvement in rheumatic fever. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: most important manifest of rheum fever; coord IM with specific dis of the heart (myocardium or valves) (IM or NIM)
ID#: D012214

Rheumatic Nodule

Definition: A small round or oval, mostly subcutaneous nodule made up chiefly of a mass of Aschoff bodies and seen in cases of rheumatic fever. It is differentiated from the RHEUMATOID NODULE which appears in rheumatoid arthritis, most frequently over bony prominences. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: in rheum fever; do not confuse with RHEUMATOID NODULE in rheum arthritis
ID#: D012215

Rheumatoid Nodule

Definition: Subcutaneous nodules seen in 20-30% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. They may arise anywhere on the body, but are most frequently found over the bony prominences. The nodules are characterized histologically by dense areas of fibrinoid necrosis with basophilic streaks and granules, surrounded by a palisade of cells, mainly fibroblasts and histiocytes.
Annotation: in rheum arthritis; do not confuse with RHEUMATIC NODULE in rheum fever
ID#: D012218

Rhinitis

Definition: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose.
Annotation: inflamm of nasal mucosa; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
ID#: D012220

Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Definition: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.
Annotation: note X ref: do not confuse with RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL see HAY FEVER
ID#: D012221

Rhinitis, Atrophic

Definition: A chronic form of rhinitis marked by wasting of the mucous membrane and the glands. It is usually associated with crusting and foul-smelling discharges.
Annotation:
ID#: D012222

Rhinitis, Vasomotor

Definition: A form of rhinitis brought about by changes in vascular tone and permeability. The etiology is obscure.
Annotation: do not confuse with other RHINITIS headings; do not make diagnoses: use word of text
ID#: D012223

Rhinophyma

Definition: A manifestation of severe ACNE ROSACEA resulting in significant enlargement of the nose and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands and surrounding connective tissue. The nose is reddened and marked with numerous telangiectasias.
Annotation: enlargement of nose in severe acne rosacea
ID#: D012224

Rhinoscleroma

Definition: A granulomatous disease affecting the nose and nasopharynx, usually ascribed to KLEBSIELLA RHINOSCLEROMATIS. It occurs in Egypt, eastern Europe, and Central and South America.
Annotation:
ID#: D012226

Rhinosporidiosis

Definition:
Annotation:
ID#: D012227

Rib Fractures

Definition:
Annotation:
ID#: D012253

Riboflavin Deficiency

Definition: A dietary deficiency of riboflavin causing a syndrome chiefly marked by cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis associated with a purplish red or magenta-colored tongue that may show fissures, corneal vascularization, dyssebacia, and anemia. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: a vitamin B defic
ID#: D012257

Rickets

Definition: A condition caused by deficiency of VITAMIN D, especially in infancy and childhood, with disturbance of normal ossification. The disease is marked by bending and distortion of the bones under muscular action, by the formation of nodular enlargements on the ends and sides of the bones, by delayed closure of the fontanels, pain in the muscles, and sweating of the head. Vitamin D and sunlight together with an adequate diet are curative, provided that the parathyroid glands are functioning properly. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: consider also VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY & note next entry
ID#: D012279

Rickettsia Infections

Definition: Infections by the genus RICKETTSIA.
Annotation: gram-neg bact infect; GEN or unspecified; prefer specific infection as shown at the various RICKETTSIA species; infection by genus RICKETTSIA: do not confuse with RICKETTSIACEAE INFECTIONS ("infections with rickettsias of the Family RICKETTSIACEAE"); Rickettsia conorii infection = BOUTONNEUSE FEVER; Rickettsia quintana infection = TRENCH FEVER
ID#: D012282

Rickettsiaceae Infections

Definition: Infections with bacteria of the family RICKETTSIACEAE.
Annotation: gram-neg bact "infections with rickettsias of the family RICKETTSIACEAE": do not confuse with RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS (infection by genus RICKETTSIA)
ID#: D012288

Rift Valley Fever

Definition: A febrile disease resembling dengue. It is caused by a mosquito-borne arbovirus.
Annotation: a hemorrhagic fever caused by a bunyavirus; in man or animal; in animal do not use /vet but check tag ANIMALS
ID#: D012295

Rigor Mortis

Definition: Muscular rigidity which develops in the cadaver usually from 4 to 10 hours after death and lasts 3 or 4 days.
Annotation:
ID#: D012298

Rinderpest

Definition: A viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by MORBILLIVIRUS. It may be acute, subacute, or chronic with the major lesions characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the entire digestive tract.
Annotation:
ID#: D012301

Ring Chromosomes

Definition: Aberrant chromosomes with no ends, i.e., circular.
Annotation: no qualif; do not confuse with chromosome rings ( = CHROMOSOME BANDING) or DNA, CIRCULAR
ID#: D012303

RNA Virus Infections

Definition:
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: RNA VIRUS INFECT
ID#: D012327

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Definition: An acute febrile illness caused by RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII. It is transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticks and occurs only in North and South America. Characteristics include a sudden onset with headache and chills and fever lasting about two to three weeks. A cutaneous rash commonly appears on the extremities and trunk about the fourth day of illness.
Annotation: caused by Rickettsia rickettsii; for X ref, in titles & translations use diacrit: São Paulo
ID#: D012373

Rodent Diseases

Definition: Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).
Annotation: IM GEN or unspecified; coord IM with specific dis /vet (IM) or specific rodent dis (IM); coord IM with specific rodent (IM); don't forget also RODENTIA (NIM) & check tag ANIMALS; DF: RODENT DIS
ID#: D012376

Romano-Ward Syndrome

Definition: An autosomal dominant LONG QT SYNDROME, without deafness.
Annotation:
ID#: D029597

Root Caries

Definition: Dental caries involving the tooth root, cementum, or cervical area of the tooth.
Annotation: caries of root, cementum or cervical portion of tooth
ID#: D017213

Root Resorption

Definition: Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: loss of cementum or dentin from root of tooth; only Cat C qualif
ID#: D012391

Roseolovirus Infections

Definition: Infection with ROSEOLOVIRUS, the most common in humans being EXANTHEMA SUBITUM, a benign disease of infants and young children.
Annotation: caused by a genus of the family Herpesviridae
ID#: D019349

Rotavirus Infections

Definition: Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.
Annotation: caused by a reovirus
ID#: D012400

Rubella

Definition: An acute, usually benign, infectious disease caused by the RUBELLA VIRUS and most often affecting children and nonimmune young adults, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and spreads to the lymphatic system. (From Dorland, 27th edition)
Annotation: caused by a rubivirus, RUBELLA VIRUS: do not confuse with RUBULAVIRUS, a paramyxovirus; do not confuse with RUBEOLA see MEASLES; French for rubella = rubéole, Ital for rubella = rubeola, Span for rubella = rubéola or roséola epidemica; /congen: consider also RUBELLA SYNDROME, CONGENITAL
ID#: D012409

Rubella Syndrome, Congenital

Definition: Transplacental infection of the fetus with rubella usually in the first trimester of pregnancy, as a consequence of maternal infection, resulting in various developmental abnormalities in the newborn infant. They include cardiac and ocular lesions, deafness, microcephaly, mental retardation, and generalized growth retardation. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: caused by a rubivirus; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; restrict to syndrome: see MeSH definition; otherwise RUBELLA /congen permitted
ID#: D012410

Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome

Definition: A chromosomal disorder characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION, broad thumbs, webbing of fingers and toes, beaked nose, short upper lip, pouting lower lip, agenesis of corpus callosum, large foramen magnum, keloid formation, pulmonary stenosis, vertebral anomalies, chest wall anomalies, sleep apnea, and megacolon. The disease has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and is associated with deletions of the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p13.3).
Annotation:
ID#: D012415

Rubivirus Infections

Definition: Virus diseases caused by the RUBIVIRUS genus, of the family TOGAVIRIDAE.
Annotation: caused by a togavirus; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
ID#: D018355

Rubulavirus Infections

Definition: Infections with viruses of the genus RUBULAVIRUS, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not confuse with RUBELLA VIRUS infections ( = RUBELLA)
ID#: D019351

Rupture

Definition: Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.
Annotation: traumatic only: differentiate from RUPTURE, SPONTANEOUS; never IM: coord NIM with probably organ /inj (IM) or precoord inj term (IM)
ID#: D012421

Rupture, Spontaneous

Definition: Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.
Annotation: includes spontan rupt unexplained or as a result of dis: differentiate from RUPTURE, traumatic only; never IM: coord NIM with organ/diseases term (IM)
ID#: D012422