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Index of Diseases

Instructions. To find the proper medical term, scroll up and down to review the alphabetical listings. Also, you can use the "Page Up" and "Page down" key on your keyboard. Or use the search function of your browser. In both Netscape and Explorer, go to "Edit" and select "Find in Page". Type in the main term of interest. Frequently, it is best to type in only the first 4 or five letters (i.e., "prost" for prostate) because that will find more alternative terms from which to select the proper one.

N

Nail Diseases

Definition: Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.
Annotation: primates only; neopl: coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM)
ID#: D009260

Nail-Patella Syndrome

Definition: A syndrome of multiple abnormalities characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of the patella and congenital nail dystrophy. It is a genetically determined autosomal dominant trait.
Annotation: nail, patella & other abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
ID#: D009261

Nails, Ingrown

Definition: Excessive lateral nail growth into the nail fold. Because the lateral margin of the nail acts as a foreign body, inflammation and granulation may result. It is caused by improperly fitting shoes and by improper trimming of the nail.
Annotation:
ID#: D009263

Nails, Malformed

Definition: Deformities in nail structure or appearance, including hypertrophy, splitting, clubbing, furrowing, etc.
Annotation: consider also NAILS /abnorm
ID#: D009264

Nairobi Sheep Disease

Definition: An arbovirus infection of sheep and goats transmitted by ticks. It is characterized by high fever and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.
Annotation: caused by a nairovirus; don't forget also SHEEP (NIM) & check tag ANIMALS
ID#: D009265

Narcolepsy

Definition: A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)
Annotation:
ID#: D009290

Nasal Obstruction

Definition: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be in the nasal vestibule, fossae, or other areas of the nasal cavity.
Annotation: may be anywhere in the nasal passages or cavity
ID#: D015508

Nasal Polyps

Definition: Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.
Annotation:
ID#: D009298

Nasopharyngeal Diseases

Definition: General or unspecified diseases of the nasopharynx.
Annotation: inflamm dis = NASOPHARYNGITIS
ID#: D009302

Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms

Definition: Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.
Annotation: coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
ID#: D009303

Nasopharyngitis

Definition: Inflammation of the nasopharynx.
Annotation: inflamm of nasopharynx, not nose & pharynx
ID#: D009304

Nausea

Definition: An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.
Annotation: /chem ind: consider also EMETICS; /drug ther: consider also ANTIEMETICS
ID#: D009325

Near Drowning

Definition: Non-fatal immersion or submersion in water. The subject is resuscitable.
Annotation: only Cat C qualif if pertinent
ID#: D015701

Necatoriasis

Definition: Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS.
Annotation: hookworm infect; human & animal
ID#: D009332

Neck Injuries

Definition: General or unspecified injuries to the neck. It includes injuries to the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues of the neck.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; restrict to inj of soft tissue; inj of cervical vertebrae = CERVICAL VERTEBRAE /inj; coord IM with specific inj (IM); DF: NECK INJ
ID#: D019838

Neck Pain

Definition: Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.
Annotation:
ID#: D019547

Necrobiosis Lipoidica

Definition: A degenerative disease of the dermal connective tissue characterized by the development of erythematous papules or nodules in the pretibial area. The papules form plaques covered with telangiectatic vessels. More than half of the affected patients have diabetes.
Annotation: a skin dis; also called "necrosis lipoidica diabeticorum" so do not index also under DIABETES MELLITUS unless particularly discussed
ID#: D009335

Necrobiotic Disorders

Definition: A group of disorders characterized by swelling, basophilia, and distortion of collagen bundles in the dermis.
Annotation: a group of collagen dis affecting the "collagen bundles in the dermis"; NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA with or without diabetes mellitus is also available
ID#: D017441

Necrosis

Definition: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately CELL DEATH.
Annotation: IM for general or for necrotic process; NIM as coord for /pathol, with no qualif; bone necrosis = OSTEONECROSIS or OSTEORADIONECROSIS; DENTAL PULP NECROSIS; FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS; KIDNEY CORTEX NECROSIS; KIDNEY PAPILLARY NECROSIS & KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS, ACUTE are also available; radionecrosis: coord NIM with RADIATION INJURIES (IM) + organ /pathol (IM)
ID#: D009336

Needlestick Injuries

Definition: Penetrating stab wounds caused by needles. They are of special concern to health care workers since such injuries put them at risk for developing infectious disease.
Annotation: IM; coord with organ/inj or precoord inj term (IM)
ID#: D016602

Neisseriaceae Infections

Definition: Infections with bacteria of the family NEISSERIACEAE.
Annotation: gram-neg bact infect; GEN: avoid; prefer specifics; DF: NEISSERIACEAE INFECT
ID#: D016870

Nelson Syndrome

Definition: A syndrome characterized by increased skin pigmentation, visual defects secondary to compression of the OPTIC CHIASM, and elevated serum levels of ACTH following adrenalectomy for CUSHING SYNDROME. The cause of this syndrome is expansion of an underlying ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, p81)
Annotation:
ID#: D009347

Nematode Infections

Definition: Infections by nematodes, general or unspecified.
Annotation: GEN only: prefer specifics; /drug ther: consider also ANTINEMATODAL AGENTS
ID#: D009349

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Definition: Fetal and neonatal addiction and withdrawal as a result of the mother's dependence on drugs during pregnancy. Withdrawal or abstinence symptoms develop shortly after birth. Symptoms exhibited are loud, high-pitched crying, sweating, yawning and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Annotation: substance-withdrawal symptoms in inf born of an addicted mother; do not use /congen; coord IM with specific substance /adv eff (IM) + check tag INFANT, NEWBORN
ID#: D009357

Neoplasm Circulating Cells

Definition: Exfoliate neoplastic cells circulating in the blood and associated with metastasizing tumors.
Annotation: IM; qualif permitted; DF: NEOPL CIRC CELLS
ID#: D009360

Neoplasm Invasiveness

Definition: Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.
Annotation: IM for GEN only or for invasive process; when IM for GEN only, qualif permitted; NIM with no qualif + neopl terms /pathol (IM); do not use for specific histologically invasive tumors (e.g., invasive fibroma = FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE in Tumor Key & not also NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS); DF: NEOPL INVASIVENESS
ID#: D009361

Neoplasm Metastasis

Definition: The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.
Annotation: GEN only for metastatic process or neoplasm metast in general; when IM for GEN only, qualif permitted; unlikely as NIM coord: prefer /second with organ/neopl & histol type for metastatic neopl; policy on metastasis & /second: Manual 19.8.65, 24.3.1, 24.4.1.3+; do not confuse with NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS (Manual 24.4.1.1+), LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION (Manual 24.4.1.2), NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY (Manual 24.4.1.7) or NEOPLASM, RESIDUAL; DF: NEOPL METASTASIS
ID#: D009362

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Definition: The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.
Annotation: IM; differentiate from NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE PRIMARY (Manual 24.4.1.5 - 24.4.1.6) and NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY (Manual 24.4.1.7); do not confuse with NEOPLASM, RESIDUAL; DF: NEOPL RECURRENCE LOCAL
ID#: D009364

Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous

Definition: Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.
Annotation: IM; must be spontaneous: for regression or remission after ther, use REMISSION INDUCTION; Manual 24.4.1.9; DF: NEOPL REGRESSION SPONTANEOUS
ID#: D009365

Neoplasm Seeding

Definition: The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.
Annotation: includes seeding by surg, biopsy, palpation, etc.; IM; no qualif; Manual 24.4.1.11; DF: NEOPL SEEDING
ID#: D009366

Neoplasm, Residual

Definition: Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication)
Annotation: IM for GEN only; when IM for GEN only, qualif permitted; as NIM coord, no qualif; DF: NEOPL RESIDUAL
ID#: D018365

Neoplasms

Definition: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Annotation: avoid: too general; prefer specifics; policy: Manual section 24; /chem ind permitted but consider also CARCINOGENS; /class: consider also NEOPLASM STAGING (see note there) but "grading" = /pathol; /etiol: consider also ONCOGENIC VIRUSES; /vet: Manual 24.6+ or TN 136; TN 135: MeSH terms for neoplasms classed by tissue; /drug ther: consider also ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS & its specifics; /genet: consider also GENES, SUPPRESSOR, TUMOR; /immunol: consider also TUMOR ESCAPE; consider also ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM & ANTIBODIES, NEOPLASM; /microbiol: consider also ONCOGENIC VIRUSES; /nurs = the patient, ONCOLOGIC NURSING = the oncologic specialty; /prev: consider also ANTICARCINOGENIC AGENTS; /radiother = the patient, RADIATION ONCOLOGY = the specialty; consider also BRACHYTHERAPY; /second = NEOPLASM METASTASIS but do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY; familial: consider also NEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES, HEREDITARY; metastatic cancer of unknown origin: index under NEOPLASM METASTASIS; Tumor Key: TN Suppl
ID#: D009369

Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Definition: A collective term for the various histological types of NEOPLASMS. It is more likely to be used by searchers than by indexers and catalogers.
Annotation: to collect neopl by histol type; not used for indexing; policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL HISTOL TYPE CATALOG: do not use
ID#: D009370

Neoplasms by Site

Definition: A collective term for precoordinated organ/neoplasm headings locating neoplasms by organ, as BRAIN NEOPLASMS; DUODENAL NEOPLASMS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; etc.
Annotation: to collect neopl located by organ; not used for indexing; policy: Manual section 24; DF: NEOPL SITE CATALOG: do not use
ID#: D009371

Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms composed of fatty tissue or connective tissue made up of fat cells in a meshwork of areolar tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in adipose tissue.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of adipose or soft tissue, NOT neoplasms located in adipose or soft tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL ADIPOSE TISSUE
ID#: D018205

Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage

Definition: Neoplasms composed of sebaceous or sweat gland tissue or tissue of other skin appendages. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the sebaceous or sweat glands or in the other skin appendages.
Annotation: neopl composed of sebaceous or sweat gland tissue or tissue of skin appendages, NOT neopl located in these sites; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL ADNEXAL SKIN APPENDAGE
ID#: D018294

Neoplasms, Basal Cell

Definition: Neoplasms composed of cells from the deepest layer of the epidermis. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the stratum basale.
Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL BASAL CELL
ID#: D018295

Neoplasms, Bone Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms composed of bony tissue, whether normal or of a soft tissue which has become ossified. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in bones.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of bone tissue, NOT neoplasms located in bones ( = BONE NEOPLASMS): TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL BONE TISSUE
ID#: D018213

Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed

Definition: Neoplasms composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue.
Annotation: neopl composed of more than one type of neopl tissue; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL COMPLEX MIXED
ID#: D018193

Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms developing from some structure of the connective and subcutaneous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective or soft tissue.
Annotation: neopl composed of connective or soft tissue, NOT neopl located in these sites; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); NEOPLASMS, CONNECTIVE TISSUE is available for neopl composed of connective tissue but SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASMS is available for neopl located in soft tissue (see note there); DF: NEOPL CONNECTIVE SOFT TISSUE
ID#: D018204

Neoplasms, Connective Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms composed of connective tissue, including elastic, mucous, reticular, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective tissue.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of connective tissue, NOT neoplasms located in connective tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
ID#: D009372

Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous

Definition: Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.
Annotation: neopl containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL CYSTIC MUCINOUS SEROUS
ID#: D018297

Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary

Definition: Neoplasms, usually carcinoma, located within the center of an organ or within small lobes, and in the case of the breast, intraductally. The emphasis of the name is on the location of the neoplastic tissue rather than on its histological type. Most cancers of this type are located in the breast.
Annotation: name refers to anatomical site within organ; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL DUCTAL LOBULAR MEDULLARY
ID#: D018299

Neoplasms, Experimental

Definition:
Annotation: IM GEN only; do not use as coord for cancer in animals; policy: Manual 24.5+; /chem ind: Manual 24.5.6+; "spontaneous": Manual 24.5.5; DF: NEOPL EXPER
ID#: D009374

Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial

Definition: Neoplasms composed of fibrous and epithelial tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in fibrous tissue or epithelium.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of fibrous & epithelial elements, NOT neoplasms located in fibrous or epithelial tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL FIBROEPITHELIAL
ID#: D018225

Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms composed of fibrous tissue, the ordinary connective tissue of the body, made up largely of yellow or white fibers. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in fibrous tissue.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of fibrous tissue, NOT neoplasms located in fibrous tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL FIBROUS TISSUE
ID#: D018218

Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal

Definition: Neoplasms composed of primordial germ cells of embryonic gonads or of elements of the germ layers of the embryo. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or fetus.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of germ cells or embryonic tissue, NOT neoplasms located in germ cells or embryonic tissue; do not confuse with GERM CELL TUMOR see GERMINOMA; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL GERM CELL
ID#: D009373

Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial

Definition: Neoplasms composed of glandular tissue, an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions, and of any type of epithelium itself. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the various glands or in epithelial tissue.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of glandular & epithelial tissue, NOT neoplasms located in various glands or epithelium: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D009375

Neoplasms, Gonadal Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms composed of ovarian or testicular tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the ovaries or testes.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of gonadal tissue, NOT neoplasms located in the ovaries or testes: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL GONADAL TISSUE
ID#: D018309

Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent

Definition: Certain tumors that 1) arise in organs that are normally dependent on specific hormones and 2) are stimulated or caused to regress by manipulation of the endocrine environment.
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; /drug ther: consider also ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) + histol type (IM) + specific hormone (IM)
ID#: D009376

Neoplasms, Mesothelial

Definition: Neoplasms composed of tissue of the mesothelium, the layer of flat cells, derived from the mesoderm, which lines the body cavity of the embryo. In the adult it forms the simple squamous epithelium which covers all true serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura). The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in these organs. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: neoplasms composed of mesothelium, NOT neoplasms located in the mesothelium: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL MESOTHELIAL
ID#: D018301

Neoplasms, Multiple Primary

Definition: Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously. The neoplasms are histologically different and may be found in the same or different sites.
Annotation: 2 or more neopl, histologically different, at same or different sites occurring simultaneously: do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY (a neopl following an earlier neopl but not its metastasis); coord with each specific histol type (IM) & each precoord organ/neopl term (IM); do not use /compl with specific multiple neopl terms to show multiplicity; differentiate from NEOPLASM METASTASIS & NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL: Manual 24.4.1.5, 24.4.1.6; MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA & its specifics are also available; DF: NEOPL MULTIPLE PRIMARY
ID#: D009378

Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms composed of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, or smooth. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in muscles.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of muscle tissue, NOT neoplasms located in muscles: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /secret /second /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL MUSCLE TISSUE
ID#: D009379

Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of nerve tissue, NOT neoplasms located in the nervous system or nerves ( = NERVOUS SYSTEM NEOPLASMS): TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D009380

Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial

Definition: Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5)
Annotation: neoplasms composed of neural epithelium, NOT neoplasms located in the neural epithelium or neuroepithelium; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL NEUROEPITHELIAL
ID#: D018302

Neoplasms, Post-Traumatic

Definition: Tumors, cancer or other neoplasms caused by or resulting from trauma or other non-radiation injuries.
Annotation: IM; coord with specific histol type (IM) + organ/neopl term (IM); Manual 24.4.3.3; neopl after radiation inj = NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED; DF: NEOPL POST TRAUMATIC
ID#: D017169

Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced

Definition: Tumors, cancer or other neoplasms produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.
Annotation: IM; coord with specific histol type (IM) + organ/neopl term (IM); Manual 24.4.3.2+; DF: NEOPL RAD IND
ID#: D009381

Neoplasms, Second Primary

Definition: Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.
Annotation: a 2d or more neopl of same or different histol type at same or different sites: do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE PRIMARY (see note there); often follows ther (note X refs); IM; coord with each specific histol type (IM) & each precoord organ/neopl term (IM); do not use /compl with specific multiple neopl terms to show multiplicity; Manual 24.4.1.7; differentiate from NEOPLASM METASTASIS (Manual 24.4.1.3+) & NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL: Manual 24.4.1.5
ID#: D016609

Neoplasms, Squamous Cell

Definition: Neoplasms composed of squamous cells of the epithelium. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.
Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL SQUAMOUS CELL
ID#: D018307

Neoplasms, Unknown Primary

Definition: Metastases in which the tissue of origin is unknown.
Annotation: IM; do not use /second; coord IM with organ/neopl term with /second (IM) + histol type /second (IM); Manual 24.4.1.8
ID#: D009382

Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue

Definition: Neoplasms composed of vascular tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in blood vessels.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of vascular tissue, NOT neoplasms located in vascular tissue ( = VASCULAR NEOPLASMS): TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5
ID#: D009383

Neoplastic Endocrine-Like Syndromes

Definition: Endocrine syndromes due to hormone production by neoplasms of non-endocrine tissue, or by other than the usual endocrine tissues. They are often the first indication of a previously undetected neoplasm.
Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term with /secret (IM) + histol type of neopl /secret (IM) + specific hormone /secret (IM) but ACTH SYNDROME, ECTOPIC is available
ID#: D009384

Neoplastic Processes

Definition: The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; for neopl process in general, coord NIM when precoord organ/neopl (with /pathol) or histol type (with /pathol) is IM; DF: NEOPL PROCESSES
ID#: D009385

Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary

Definition: The condition of a pattern of malignancies within a family, but not every individual's necessarily having the same neoplasm. Characteristically the tumor tends to occur at an earlier than average age, individuals may have more than one primary tumor, the tumors may be multicentric, usually more than 25 percent of the individuals in direct lineal descent from the proband are affected, and the cancer predisposition in these families behaves as an autosomal dominant trait with about 60 percent penetrance.
Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with specific hereditary organ/neopl term (IM) or specific hereditary histol type (IM)
ID#: D009386

Neovascularization, Pathologic

Definition: A pathologic process consisting in proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.
Annotation: note category: a pathol process; do not confuse with NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC, a physiol phenomenon; coord IM or NIM with organ /blood supply (IM); DF: NEOVASC PATHOL
ID#: D009389

Nephritis

Definition: Inflammation of the kidney. It is a focal or diffuse proliferative or destructive process which may involve the glomerulus, tubule, or interstitial renal tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: inflamm of kidney; familial: consider also NEPHRITIS, HEREDITARY
ID#: D009393

Nephritis, Hereditary

Definition: Hereditary disease characterized initially by hematuria and slowly progressing to renal insufficiency. It is sometimes associated with perceptual deafness and/or congenital ocular defects.
Annotation: do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
ID#: D009394

Nephritis, Interstitial

Definition: Diffuse or local inflammation and edema of the interstitial tissue of the kidney, including the tubules.
Annotation:
ID#: D009395

Nephroblastoma

Definition: A malignant kidney tumor made up of three cell types: blastemal, stromal, and epithelial, but not all present in every case.
Annotation: coord IM with KIDNEY NEOPLASMS (IM); /genet: consider also GENES, WILMS TUMOR
ID#: D009396

Nephrocalcinosis

Definition: A condition characterized by precipitation of calcium phosphate in the tubules of the kidney, with resultant renal insufficiency. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: calcium phosphate deposition in kidney tubules
ID#: D009397

Nephroma, Mesoblastic

Definition: A malignant tumor of the kidney characterized by spindled myofibroblastic cells arranged in sheets or bundles with a tendency to infiltrate into the adjoining normal kidney and through the capsule into the perirenal tissues. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2208)
Annotation: coord IM with KIDNEY NEOPLASMS (IM)
ID#: D018201

Nephrosclerosis

Definition: Hardening of the kidney due to overgrowth and contraction of interstitial connective tissue. It is due to renovascular disease. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
Annotation: hardening of the kidney
ID#: D009400

Nephrosis

Definition: Descriptive histopathologic term for renal disease without an inflammatory component.
Annotation: in this kidney dis, emphasis is on degen of tubules; do not diagnose: use term of text; LOWER NEPHRON NEPHROSIS see KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS, ACUTE is also available
ID#: D009401

Nephrosis, Lipoid

Definition: Glomerular disease causing heavy proteinuria characterized by absence of obvious histologic glomerular changes on light microscopy. It is also called minimal change glomerular disease and minimal lesion glomerulonephritis.
Annotation:
ID#: D009402

Nephrotic Syndrome

Definition: Clinical association of heavy PROTEINURIA, HYPOALBUMINEMIA, and generalized EDEMA.
Annotation:
ID#: D009404

Nerve Compression Syndromes

Definition: Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.
Annotation: coord IM with specific nerve disease (IM) or specific nerve (IM); cauda equina syndrome: coord IM with CAUDA EQUINA (IM)
ID#: D009408

Nerve Degeneration

Definition: Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.
Annotation: IM as a pathol process; coord with specific neurol dis /pathol (IM) or specific nerve /pathol (IM or NIM) if pertinent
ID#: D009410

Nerve Sheath Tumors

Definition: Tumors arising from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral nervous system and by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.
Annotation: neoplasms composed of myelin sheaths, NOT neoplasms located in myelin sheaths: TN 135; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: MPMST
ID#: D018317

Nervous System Diseases

Definition: Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /diag: consider also DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, NEUROLOGICAL; inflamm dis = NEURITIS; "diabetic neuropathy" & "diabetic peripheral neuropathy": index only under DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES;/chem ind: consider NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES
ID#: D009422

Nervous System Malformations

Definition: Structural abnormalities of the central or peripheral nervous system resulting primarily from defects of embryogenesis.
Annotation: for congen struct abnorm only; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics or specific organ/abnorm; DF: NERVOUS SYSTEM ABNORM
ID#: D009421

Nervous System Neoplasms

Definition: Benign and malignant neoplastic processes arising from or involving components of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, cranial nerves, and meninges. Included in this category are primary and metastatic nervous system neoplasms.
Annotation: GEN: prefer specific precoord; do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, NERVOUS TISSUE (neopl composed of nerve tissue; TN 135); coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
ID#: D009423

Neural Tube Defects

Definition: Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)
Annotation: do not confuse X ref MYELODYSPLASIA with MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES, a defect of bone marrow formation
ID#: D009436

Neuralgia

Definition: Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.
Annotation: coord IM with specific nerve (IM) if pertinent
ID#: D009437

Neurasthenia

Definition: A mental disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and concomitant physiologic symptoms.
Annotation: remember also NEUROCIRCULATORY ASTHENIA exists
ID#: D009440

Neurilemmoma

Definition: A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)
Annotation: benign or malignant; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); ameloblastic neurilemmoma goes under ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
ID#: D009442

Neuritis

Definition: A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.
Annotation: coord IM with specific nerve disease or specific nerve (IM); do not confuse with NEURITES, a hairlike projection of a neuron & in French & other foreign titles do not confuse "neurite" referring to a neurite (i.e., NEURITES) with "nevrite" meaning neuritis; neuritis of optic nerve = OPTIC NEURITIS; retrobulbar neuritis = OPTIC NEURITIS; SMON (subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy) is indexed OPTIC NEURITIS (IM) + MYELITIS (IM) + SYNDROME (NIM)
ID#: D009443

Neuritis, Experimental Allergic

Definition: An experimental animal demyelinating disease model of GUILLAINE-BARRE SYNDROME. In the most frequently used protocol, animals are injected with a peripheral nerve tissue protein homogenate. After approximately 2 weeks the animals develop a neuropathy secondary to a T cell-mediated autoimmune response directed towards the MYELIN P2 PROTEIN in peripheral nerves. Pathologic findings include a perivascular accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes in the peripheral nervous system, similar to that seen in the Guillaine-Barre syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1314; J Neuroimmunol 1998 Apr 1;84(1):40-52)
Annotation: DF: NEURITIS EXPER ALLERGIC
ID#: D009444

Neuroaspergillosis

Definition: Infections of the nervous system caused by fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS, most commonly ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS. Aspergillus infections may occur in immunocompetent hosts, but are more prevalent in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES. The organism may spread to the nervous system from focal infections in the lung, mastoid region, sinuses, inner ear, bones, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. Sinus infections may be locally invasive and enter the intracranial compartment, producing MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; cranial neuropathies; and abscesses in the frontal lobes of the brain. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch 27, pp62-3)
Annotation: coord IM with species (IM) and specific site/dis term (IM) if pertinent
ID#: D020953

Neuroaxonal Dystrophies

Definition: A nonspecific term referring both to the pathologic finding of swelling of distal portions of axons in the brain and to disorders which feature this finding. Neuroaxonal dystrophy is seen in various genetic diseases, vitamin deficiencies, and aging. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by arrested psychomotor development at 6 months to 2 years of age, ataxia, brain stem dysfunction, and quadriparesis. Juvenile and adult forms also occur. Pathologic findings include brain atrophy and widespread accumulation of axonal spheroids throughout the neuroaxis, peripheral nerves, and dental pulp. (From Davis & Robertson, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p927)
Annotation:
ID#: D019150

Neurobehavioral Manifestations

Definition: Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information.
Annotation: not used for indexing
ID#: D019954

Neuroblastoma

Definition: A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignacy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)
Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); for NEUROBLASTOMA, RETINAL see RETINOBLASTOMA
ID#: D009447

Neurocirculatory Asthenia

Definition: A clinical syndrome characterized by palpitation, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, labored breathing, subjective complaints of effort and discomfort, all following slight EXERTION. Other symptoms may be DIZZINESS, tremulousness, SWEATING, and INSOMNIA. Neurocirculatory asthenia is most typically seen as a form of anxiety disorder.
Annotation: remember NEURASTHENIA also exists
ID#: D009449

Neurocutaneous Syndromes

Definition: A group of disorders characterized by ectodermal-based malformations and neoplastic growths in the skin, nervous system, and other organs.
Annotation: for neurocutaneous melanosis, coord with MELANOSIS
ID#: D020752

Neurocysticercosis

Definition: Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)
Annotation: coord IM with specific site/dis term (IM) if pertinent
ID#: D020019

Neurocytoma

Definition: A benign brain tumor composed of neural elements which most often arise from the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM and the walls of the lateral ventricles. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations may reveal expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin and cells containing microtubuli, neurosecretory granules, and presynaptic vesicles. (From Acta Med Port 1994 Feb;7(2):113-9)
Annotation: coord IM with specific precoord brain/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D018306

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Definition: Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.
Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /genet: consider also HEREDODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, NERVOUS SYSTEM
ID#: D019636

Neurodermatitis

Definition: An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.
Annotation: eczematous skin dis with intense itching
ID#: D009450

Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic

Definition: A benign, rapidly growing, deeply pigmented tumor of the jaw and occasionally of other sites, consisting of an infiltrating mass of cells arranged in an alveolar pattern, and occurring almost exclusively in infants. Its source of origin is in dispute, the various theories giving rise to its several names. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D017600

Neuroectodermal Tumors

Definition: Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D017599

Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive

Definition: A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)
Annotation: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord organ/neopl term (IM); do not confuse with MEDULLOBLASTOMA
ID#: D018242

Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral

Definition: A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with Ewing's Sarcoma (SARCOMA, EWING'S). They may arise from the chest wall, skin, orbit, kidney, and other structures and tend to be locally invasive or metastasize, although relatively benign forms may occur. Characteristic histologic features include a tendency to form Homer-Wright rosettes and to stain positively with neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2113; J Clin Oncol 1998 Mar;16(3):1150-7)
Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D018241

Neuroendocrine Tumors

Definition: Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via apud cells), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D018358

Neurofibroma

Definition: A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)
Annotation: solitary; multiple = NEUROFIBROMATOSES but see MeSH definition; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D009455

Neurofibroma, Plexiform

Definition: A type of neurofibroma manifesting as a diffuse overgrowth of subcutaneous tissue, usually involving the face, scalp, neck, and chest but occasionally occurring in the abdomen or pelvis. The tumors tend to progress, and may extend along nerve roots to eventually involve the spinal roots and spinal cord. This process is almost always a manifestion of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016; J Pediatr 1997 Nov;131(5):678-82)
Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D018318

Neurofibromatoses

Definition: A group of disorders characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high rates of spontaneous mutation and multiple neurofibromas or neurilemmomas. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 (generalized neurofibromatosis) accounts for approximately 95% of cases, although multiple additional subtypes (e.g., NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2, neurofibromatosis 3, etc.) have been described. (From Neurochirurgie 1998 Nov;44(4):267-72)
Annotation: multiple neurofibromas; specifics are available
ID#: D017253

Neurofibromatosis 1

Definition: An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 (GENES, NF1) gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).
Annotation: do not confuse with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) if relevant
ID#: D009456

Neurofibromatosis 2

Definition: An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as schwannomas (NEURILEMMOMA) of other cranial and peripheral nerves, and other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life.
Annotation: do not confuse with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1; coord IM with precoord/neopl term (IM) if relevant
ID#: D016518

Neurofibrosarcoma

Definition: A malignant tumor that arises from small cutaneous nerves, is locally aggressive, and has a potential for metastasis. Characteristic histopathologic features include proliferating atypical spindle cells with slender wavy and pointed nuclei, hypocellular areas, and areas featuring organized whorls of fibroblastic proliferation. The most common primary sites are the extremities, retroperitoneum, and trunk. These tumors tend to present in childhood, often in association with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1662; Mayo Clin Proc 1990 Feb;65(2):164-72)
Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D018319

Neurogenic Inflammation

Definition: Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.
Annotation:
ID#: D020078

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Definition: A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72)
Annotation: caused by tranquilizing agents so do not use /chem ind
ID#: D009459

Neurologic Manifestations

Definition: Clinical signs and symptoms caused by nervous system injury or dysfunction.
Annotation: not used for indexing since 1989; prior to 1989 used for neurol manifest of non-neural diseases
ID#: D009461

Neuroma

Definition: A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D009463

Neuroma, Acoustic

Definition: A schwannoma that arises from the vestibular division of the vestibulocochlear nerve and tends to present in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Clinical manifestations include loss of hearing, headache, vertigo, facial pain, tinnitus, and facial weakness. Bilateral acoustic neuromas are associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p673)
Annotation:
ID#: D009464

Neuromuscular Diseases

Definition: A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLEHYPOTONIA.
Annotation: GEN; do not confuse xref AMYOTONIA CONGENITA with MYOTONIA CONGENITA
ID#: D009468

Neuromuscular Junction Diseases

Definition: Conditions characterized by impaired transmission of impulses at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This may result from disorders that affect receptor function, pre- or postsynaptic membrane function, or ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE activity. The majority of diseases in this category are associated with autoimmune, toxic, or inherited conditions.
Annotation:
ID#: D020511

Neuromuscular Manifestations

Definition: Signs and symptoms associated with diseases of the muscle, neuromuscular junction, or peripheral nerves.
Annotation: not used for indexing
ID#: D020879

Neuromyelitis Optica

Definition: A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS in combination with acute MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE. Demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions form in one or both optic nerves and in the spinal cord. The onset of optic neuritis and myelitis may be simultaneous or separated by several months. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996 Apr;60(4):382-387)
Annotation:
ID#: D009471

Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis

Definition: An inherited degenerative disease characterized by neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions which stain positively for ceroid and lipofuscin. Affected individuals develop retinal degeneration, seizures, myoclonus, ataxia, rigidity, and progressive dementia. Clinically there are four subtypes, divided by age of onset of symptoms: infantile (Santavuori-Haltia type), late infantile (Jansky-Bielschowsky type), juvenile (Spielmeyer-Vogt type), and adult (Kuf's disease). The late infantile and juvenile forms may both also be referred to as Batten Disease and Batten-Mayou Disease. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p957)
Annotation:
ID#: D009472

Neuroschistosomiasis

Definition: SCHISTOSOMIASIS of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges caused by infections with trematodes of the genus SCHISTOSOMA (primarily SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM; SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI; and SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM in humans). S. japonicum infections of the nervous system may cause an acute meningoencephalitis or a chronic encephalopathy. S. mansoni and S. haematobium nervous system infections are associated with acute transverse myelitis involving the lower portions of the spinal cord. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp61-2)
Annotation: coord IM with precoord organism/infection (IM) and specific site/dis term (IM) if pertinent
ID#: D020818

Neurosyphilis

Definition: Infections of the central nervous system caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM which present with a variety of clinical syndromes. The initial phase of infection usually causes a mild or asymptomatic meningeal reaction. The meningovascular form may present acutely as BRAIN INFARCTION. The infection may also remain subclinical for several years. Late syndromes include general paresis; TABES DORSALIS; meningeal syphilis; syphilitic OPTIC ATROPHY; and spinal syphilis. General paresis is characterized by progressive DEMENTIA; DYSARTHRIA; TREMOR; MYOCLONUS; SEIZURES; and Argyll-Robertson pupils. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp722-8)
Annotation:
ID#: D009494

Neurothekeoma

Definition: A benign myxoma of cutaneous nerve sheath origin. Theke is from the Greek theke, sheath. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Annotation: a nerve sheath tumor: Greek neuro-, nerve + theke, sheath; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
ID#: D018321

Neurotic Disorders

Definition: Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.
Annotation:
ID#: D009497

Neurotoxicity Syndromes

Definition: Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents.
Annotation:
ID#: D020258

Neutropenia

Definition: A decrease in the number of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: decrease in no. of neutrophils
ID#: D009503

Nevi and Melanomas

Definition: A collective term for the various types of nevi and melanomas.
Annotation: not used for indexing or cataloging; policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl:Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); DF: NEVI MELANOMAS
ID#: D018326

Nevus

Definition: A circumscribed stable malformation of the skin and occasionally of the oral mucosa, which is not due to external causes and therefore presumed to be of hereditary origin. The excess (or deficiency) of tissue may involve epidermal, connective tissue, adnexal, nervous, or vascular elements. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant; BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME & DYSPLASTIC NEVUS SYNDROME are also available
ID#: D009506

Nevus of Ota

Definition: A macular lesion on the side of the face, involving the conjunctiva and lids, as well as the adjacent facial skin, sclera, ocular muscles, and periosteum. Histological features vary from those of a mongolian spot to those of a blue nevus.
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant
ID#: D009507

Nevus, Blue

Definition: Usually a benign tumor, that commonly presents as a solitary blue nodule with spindled melanocytes covered by smooth skin. Several variants have been identified, one variant being malignant. The blue color is caused by large, densely packed melanocytes deep in the dermis of the nevus. In children, they usually occur on the buttocks and lumbar area. Malignant blue nevi are more commonly found on the scalp.
Annotation: coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant
ID#: D018329

Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell

Definition: A benign compound nevus occurring most often in children before puberty, composed of spindle and epithelioid cells located mainly in the dermis, sometimes in association with large atypical cells and multinucleate cells, and having a close histopathological resemblance to malignant melanoma. The tumor presents as a smooth to slightly scaly, round to oval, raised, firm papule or nodule, ranging in color from pink-tan to purplish red, often with surface telangiectasia. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant
ID#: D018332

Nevus, Intradermal

Definition: A nevus in which nests of melanocytes are found in the dermis, but not at the epidermal-dermal junction. Benign pigmented nevi in adults are most commonly intradermal. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if permitted
ID#: D018330

Nevus, Pigmented

Definition: A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant
ID#: D009508

Nevus, Spindle Cell

Definition: A form of pigmented nevus showing intense melanocytic activity around the dermo-epidermal junction. Large numbers of spindle-shaped melanocytes proliferate downward toward the dermis and usually a large amount of pigment is present. It was first described in 1976 and the bulk of patients reported have been young females with the lesions presenting on the thighs. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, 1992, p185)
Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant
ID#: D018331

Newcastle Disease

Definition: An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS (NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS). It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.
Annotation: don't forget also BIRDS (NIM) or POULTRY (NIM) or specific bird or fowl (IM) & check tag ANIMALS
ID#: D009521

Nidovirales Infections

Definition: Infections with viruses of the order NIDOVIRALES. The concept includes ARTERIVIRUS INFECTIONS and CORONAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.
Annotation: GEN; prefer specifics
ID#: D030341

Niemann-Pick Diseases

Definition: A group of diseases marked by autosomal recessive inheritance and accumulation of sphingomyelin in cells of the RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM. They are divided into 5 subtypes: A-E. Type A (classic infantile form) is caused by a deficiency of SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE and presents at age 6-12 months with progressive hepatosplenomegaly and neurologic deterioration. Type B (non-neuronopathic form) presents in childhood with hepatosplenomegaly and pulmonary infiltrates. Type C (chronic neuronopathic form) is caused by defective intracellular cholesterol transport and is divided into severe infantile, late infantile, juvenile, and neonatal hepatitis forms. Type D (Nova Scotian Variant) is phenotypically similar to type C. Type E is an adult non-neuronopathic form. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp101-4)
Annotation:
ID#: D009542

Night Blindness

Definition: Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation:
ID#: D009755

Night Terrors

Definition: A disorder characterized by incomplete arousals from sleep associated with behavior suggesting extreme fright. This condition primarily affects children and young adults and the individual generally has no recall of the event. Episodes tend to occur during stage III or IV. SOMNAMBULISM is frequently associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)
Annotation:
ID#: D020184

Nocardia Infections

Definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus NOCARDIA.
Annotation: gram-pos bact infect
ID#: D009617

Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome

Definition: Excessive periodic leg movements during sleep that cause micro-arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. This condition induces a state of relative sleep deprivation which manifests as excessive daytime hypersomnolence. The movements are characterized by repetitive contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle, extension of the toe, and intermittent flexion of the hip, knee and ankle. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p387)
Annotation:
ID#: D020189

Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia

Definition: A parasomnia characterized by paroxysmal episodes of choreoathetotic, ballistic, dystonic movements, and semipurposeful activity. The episodes occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep and typically recur several times per night. (Neurology 1992 Jul;42(7 Suppl 6):61-67; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)
Annotation:
ID#: D020183

Noma

Definition: A severe gangrenous process occurring predominantly in debilitated and malnourished children, especially in underdeveloped countries. It typically begins as a small vesicle or ulcer on the gingiva that rapidly becomes necrotic and spreads to produce extensive destruction of the buccal and labial mucosa and tissues of the face, which may result in severe disfigurement and even death. Various bacteria have been implicated in the etiology. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Annotation: severe gangrene of gingiva often spreading to face
ID#: D009625

Nondisjunction, Genetic

Definition: The failure of homologous CHROMOSOMES or CHROMATIDS to segregate during MITOSIS or MEIOSIS with the result that one daughter cell has both of a pair of parental chromosomes or chromatids and the other has none.
Annotation:
ID#: D009630

Nonodontogenic Cysts

Definition: Cysts formed from epithelial inclusions in the lines of fusion of the embryonic processes which form the jaws. They include nasopalatine or incisive canal cyst, incisive papilla cyst, globulomaxillary cyst, median palatal cyst, median alveolar cyst, median mandibular cyst, and nasoalveolar cyst.
Annotation: non-neoplastic; of jaw; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/dis term (IM)
ID#: D009631

Noonan Syndrome

Definition: A multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of MENTAL RETARDATION. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. However, Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal sex chromosome constitution (46,XX and 46,XY). NS1 is is due to mutations at chromosome location 12q24.1, in PTPN11, a gene encoding the non-receptor type 11 PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 (GENES, NF1) gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).
Annotation:
ID#: D009634

Nose Deformities, Acquired

Definition: Deformities of the nose acquired after birth from injury or disease.
Annotation: = deformities acquired from inj or dis; congenital deformities = NOSE /abnorm & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
ID#: D009667

Nose Diseases

Definition: Disorders of the nose, general or unspecified.
Annotation: inflamm dis = RHINITIS
ID#: D009668

Nose Neoplasms

Definition: Tumors or cancer of the NOSE.
Annotation: soft or bony tissue; coord IM with specific site in nose (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
ID#: D009669

Nut Hypersensitivity

Definition: Allergic reaction to tree nuts that is triggered by the immune system.
Annotation: PEANUT HYPERSENSITIVITY is also available
ID#: D021184

Nutrition Disorders

Definition: Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.
Annotation: differentiate from DEFICIENCY DISEASES (results from deficient intake) & METABOLIC DISEASES
ID#: D009748

Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Definition: A collective term for nutritional disorders (result of poor assimilation or utilization of food) and metabolic disorders (result of poor metabolism or inherited enzyme abnormality).
Annotation: not used for indexing; CATALOG: do not use
ID#: D009750

Nystagmus, Congenital

Definition: Nystagmus present at birth or caused by lesions sustained in utero or at the time of birth. It is usually pendular, and is associated with ALBINISM and conditions characterized by early loss of central vision. Inheritance patterns may be X-linked, autosomal dominant, or recessive. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p275)
Annotation: do not use /congen; do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
ID#: D020417

Nystagmus, Pathologic

Definition: Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Pendular nystagmus features oscillations that are of equal velocity in both directions and this condition is often associated with visual loss early in life. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p272)
Annotation: do not confuse with NYSTAGMUS, PHYSIOLOGIC; NYSTAGMUS, CONGENITAL is also available
ID#: D009759